acerbus
Latin
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) -idus.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /aˈker.bus/, [äˈkɛrbʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /aˈt͡ʃer.bus/, [äˈt͡ʃɛrbus]
Adjective
editacerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective
- (of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable
- sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)
- frīgus acerbum ― the bitter cold
- (of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter
- Synonyms: trux, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, sevērus
- Antonyms: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
- oppressive, distressing, sad
- c. 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61:
- acerbum incendium
- a sad conflagration
- acerbum incendium
- c. 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61:
Declension
editFirst/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | acerbus | acerba | acerbum | acerbī | acerbae | acerba | |
Genitive | acerbī | acerbae | acerbī | acerbōrum | acerbārum | acerbōrum | |
Dative | acerbō | acerbō | acerbīs | ||||
Accusative | acerbum | acerbam | acerbum | acerbōs | acerbās | acerba | |
Ablative | acerbō | acerbā | acerbō | acerbīs | |||
Vocative | acerbe | acerba | acerbum | acerbī | acerbae | acerba |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “acerbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “acerbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- acerbus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to cause any one very acute pain: acerbum dolorem alicui inurere
- (ambiguous) he has had many painful experiences: multa acerba expertus est
- (ambiguous) to demand payment: pecuniam exigere (acerbe)
- (ambiguous) to exact the taxes (with severity): vectigalia exigere (acerbe)
- to cause any one very acute pain: acerbum dolorem alicui inurere
Categories:
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Emotions
- la:Weather
- la:Taste