Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwellan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *kwellaną, possibly a secondary strong verb of unattested full-grade iterative verb *kwellōną, from pre-Proto-Germanic *gʷel-nā́-ti ~ *gʷul-un-ánti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip”), Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ku(wa)liya-⁠/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”).

Verb

*kwellan

1. to well up, swell up

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*kwellan
1st sg. past	*kwall
3rd pl. past	*kullun
Past ptcple	*kollan
Infinitive	*kwellan
Genitive infin.	*kwellannjas
Dative infin.	*kwellannjē
Instrum. infin.	*kwellannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kwellu	*kwall
2nd singular	*kwilliʀi	*kullī
3rd singular	*kwillidi	*kwall
1st plural	*kwellum	*kullum
2nd plural	*kwillid	*kullud
3rd plural	*kwelland	*kullun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kwellē	*kullī
2nd singular	*kwellēs	*kullī
3rd singular	*kwellē	*kullī
1st plural	*kwellēm	*kullīm
2nd plural	*kwellēþ	*kullīd
3rd plural	*kwellēn	*kullīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kwill
Plural	*kwillid
	Present	Past
Participle	*kwellandī	*kollan

Alternative reconstructions

• *kwalljan

Related terms

• *kollā
  • ⇒ *kollōnferhþu
    • Old English: collenferhþ (“proud, bold”)
  • ⇒ *kollōnkrōgu
    • Old English: colloncrōg, collencrōg (“waterlily”)
• *kwal
  • Old Saxon:
    • Middle Low German: qual
  • Old High German:
    • Middle High German: qual
      • German: Quall (archaic)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: ūzqual
      • ⇒ Middle High German: wazzerqual, wazzerquel
• *kwalljā

Derived terms

• *kwellōnbrunnō (“water source, spring”)
  • Old Saxon: *kwellborno
    • Middle Low German: quelborn
  • Old High German: *kwellbrunno
    • Middle High German: quëlbrunne
      • German: Quellbrunnen
• *kwellungu
• *uppakwellan
• *ūtkwellan
  • Old Dutch: *ūtquelan
    • Middle Dutch: ūtquēlen
  • Old High German: ūzkwellan, ūzquellan

Descendants

• Old Saxon: quellan
  • Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
    • → Swedish: kvälla
• Old Dutch: *quellan
  • Middle Dutch: quellen
    • Dutch: kwellen
    • Limburgish: kwèlle
• Old High German: kwellan, quellan
  • Middle High German: quëllen, quallen
    • German: quellen
    • Yiddish: קוועלן (kveln)
      • → English: kvell
  • ⇒ Old High German: ubarkwellan, ubarquellan