Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/teŕ-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *tergi- (“to run away, flee”), Manchu [script needed] (čir, “quickly”). (Can this^{( )} etymology be sourced?)

Although the verb form is not used much in today's Turkic languages, it is frequently used in Old Turkic inscriptions. *qač- is never mentioned in two of the three Göktürk khaganate inscriptions, but tez- is mentioned in many. *teŕ- looks more archaic.

Verb

*teŕ-

1. (intransitive) to run away, flee

   Synonym: *kač- (“to flee”)

Derived terms

• *ter-k (“speed”)
  • *terk-in (“quickly”)
  • *terk-le- (“to hurry”)
• *tez-ig (“fast (adjective)”)
• *tez-gek (“who run away (adjective)”)
• *tez-gi (“panic”)
• *tez-ik (“panic”)
• *tez-iš-
• *tez-it-
• *tez-in-

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: тар (tar)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: təzmək
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: təzmək
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: tezmek (dialectal)
  • Turkmen: tezmek, tez (“timid; not accustomed (for people); One side! Go away! (for animals)”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: تَزْماكْ (tezmēk)
    • Uyghur: تەزمەك (tezmek)
• Kipchak:
  • East Kipchak
    • Southern Altai: тезеер (tezeer, “to speak (fastly)”), тезер (tezer, “to run away”)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰔 (t²z /⁠tez-⁠/)
    • ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰔𐰃𐰏 (t²zig /⁠tezig⁠/)
      • Yakut: тэһии (tehii)
      • Dolgan: тэһии
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tez-)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: [script needed] (des-)
      • Tuvan: [script needed] (des-)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: [script needed] (tis-)
• →? Middle Persian: [script needed] (tyc /⁠tēz⁠/, “quick”)
  • Persian: تیز
  • → Kazakh: тез (tez)
  • → Kyrgyz: тез (tez)
  • → Tatar: тиз (tiz)
  • → Bashkir: тиҙ (tiź)
  • → Uzbek: tez
  • → Uyghur: تېز (tëz)
  • → Crimean Tatar: tez
  • → Uzbek: tez
  • → Karaim: тэз
  • → Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tez)
    • Azerbaijani: tez
    • Ottoman Turkish: تیز (tez)
      • Turkish: tez
      • → Middle Armenian: թէզ (tʻēz)
        • Armenian: թեզ (tʻez)
  • → Turkmen: tīz

• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *terk
  • Karakhanid: تَرْكْ (terk, “speed”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *terkin
    • Common Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (terkin)
      • Karakhanid: تَرْكِنْ (terkin)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tēŕ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 545
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 441
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 8