Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kotorъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *koterъjь. For e/o alternation, see also *bebrъ, *elьxa.

Determiner

*kotorъ

1. Alternative form of *koterъjь

Declension

Definite declension of *kotorъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kotorъjь	*kotoraja	*kotoroje
genitive	*kotorajego	*kotoryję̇	*kotorajego
dative	*kotorujemu	*kotorěji	*kotorujemu
accusative	*kotorъjь	*kotorǫjǫ	*kotoroje
instrumental	*kotoryjimь	*kotorǫjǫ	*kotoryjimь
locative	*kotorějemь	*kotorěji	*kotorějemь
vocative	*kotorъjь	*kotoraja	*kotoroje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kotoraja	*kotorěji	*kotorěji
genitive	*kotoruju	*kotoruju	*kotoruju
dative	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima
accusative	*kotoraja	*kotorěji	*kotorěji
instrumental	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima
locative	*kotoruju	*kotoruju	*kotoruju
vocative	*kotoraja	*kotorěji	*kotorěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kotoriji	*kotoryję̇	*kotoraja
genitive	*kotorъjixъ	*kotorъjixъ	*kotorъjixъ
dative	*kotoryjimъ	*kotoryjimъ	*kotoryjimъ
accusative	*kotoryję̇	*kotoryję̇	*kotoraja
instrumental	*kotoryjimi	*kotoryjimi	*kotoryjimi
locative	*kotoryjixъ	*kotoryjixъ	*kotoryjixъ
vocative	*kotoriji	*kotoryję̇	*kotoraja

Alternative forms

• *koterъjь

Derived terms

• *někotorъjь (“some, any”)
• *nikotorъjь (“no, none”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: като́ры (katóry)
  • Russian: кото́рый (kotóryj)
    • → Kildin Sami: каторэ (katore)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: котрый (kotrŷj)
  • Ukrainian: котри́й (kotrýj)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: которъ (kotorŭ, “which?; some, any”), котеръ (koterŭ)

  • Bulgarian: котри (kotri) (Southern Dialects)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Polish: który, chtóry, ftóry, tkóry
    • Polish: który
    • Silesian: ftory, ktōry
  • Slovak: ktorý
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: chtëri
    • Slovincian: chtôry
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kótary
    • Upper Sorbian: kotry

See also

• *(j)eterъ

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*koterъjь/kotorъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 201
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “который”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 436
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “который”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress