Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-sḱéti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(Ø)-sḱéti

1. Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots.

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*(Ø)-sḱéti
3rd plural	*(Ø)-sḱónti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*(Ø)-sḱóh₂	*(Ø)-sḱóm	—	*(Ø)-sḱṓh₂	*(Ø)-sḱóyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*(Ø)-sḱési	*(Ø)-sḱés	*(Ø)-sḱé	*(Ø)-sḱḗsi	*(Ø)-sḱóys
3rd singular	*(Ø)-sḱéti	*(Ø)-sḱét	*(Ø)-sḱétu	*(Ø)-sḱḗti	*(Ø)-sḱóyt
1st dual	*(Ø)-sḱówos	*(Ø)-sḱówe	—	*(Ø)-sḱṓwos	*(Ø)-sḱóywe
2nd dual	*(Ø)-sḱétes	*(Ø)-sḱétom	*(Ø)-sḱétom	*(Ø)-sḱḗtes	*(Ø)-sḱóytom
3rd dual	*(Ø)-sḱétes	*(Ø)-sḱétām	*(Ø)-sḱétām	*(Ø)-sḱḗtes	*(Ø)-sḱóytām
1st plural	*(Ø)-sḱómos	*(Ø)-sḱóme	—	*(Ø)-sḱṓmos	*(Ø)-sḱóyme
2nd plural	*(Ø)-sḱéte	*(Ø)-sḱéte	*(Ø)-sḱéte	*(Ø)-sḱḗte	*(Ø)-sḱóyte
3rd plural	*(Ø)-sḱónti	*(Ø)-sḱónt	*(Ø)-sḱóntu	*(Ø)-sḱṓnti	*(Ø)-sḱóyh₁n̥t
Participle	*(Ø)-sḱónts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*(Ø)-sḱóh₂er	*(Ø)-sḱóh₂e	—	*(Ø)-sḱṓh₂er	*(Ø)-sḱóyh₂e
2nd singular	*(Ø)-sḱéth₂er	*(Ø)-sḱéth₂e	*(Ø)-sḱéso	*(Ø)-sḱḗth₂er	*(Ø)-sḱóyth₂e
3rd singular	*(Ø)-sḱétor	*(Ø)-sḱéto	*?	*(Ø)-sḱḗtor	*(Ø)-sḱóyto, *(Ø)-sḱóyh₁o
1st dual	*(Ø)-sḱówosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-sḱówedʰh₂	—	*(Ø)-sḱṓwosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-sḱóywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*(Ø)-sḱómosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-sḱómedʰh₂	—	*(Ø)-sḱṓmosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-sḱóymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*(Ø)-sḱédʰh₂we	*(Ø)-sḱédʰh₂we	*(Ø)-sḱédʰh₂we	*(Ø)-sḱḗdʰh₂we	*(Ø)-sḱóydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*(Ø)-sḱóntor	*(Ø)-sḱónto	*?	*(Ø)-sḱṓntor	*(Ø)-sḱóyro
Participle	*(Ø)-sḱómnos

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-sḱéti

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *-ska
  • Albanian: -h
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: -ց- (-cʻ-)
• Proto-Hellenic: *-skō
  • Ancient Greek: -σκω (-skō)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-sćáti
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-śćáti
    • Sanskrit: -च्छति (-ccháti), -श्चति (-ścáti) (rare)
  • Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: -𐬯𐬀- (-sa-) (for example: 𐬘𐬀𐬯𐬀 (jasa, “to go, to come”) from 𐬔𐬀𐬨 (gam, “to come”))
    • Old Persian: -𐎿𐎠- (-s-a- /⁠sā⁠/)
• Proto-Italic: *-skō
  • Latin: -scō, -āscō, -ēscō, -īscō

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 90