Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

• *ǵemH-

Root

*ǵem-

1. to marry

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵem- (8 c, 0 e)

• *ǵm̥-is (“marriage”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́miš
    • Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬌 (zāmi, “giving birth”)
• *ǵm̥-rós (“son in law”)
  • >? Proto-Albanian: *dzanra (or from *ǵem-tēr)
    • Albanian: dhëndër, dhëndërr, dhandër — Gheg
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: γαμβρός (gambrós), γαβρός (gabrós), γαμρός (gamrós), γαββρός (gabbrós), γαμερός (gamerós)
      • Greek: γαμπρός (gamprós)
  • Proto-Italic: *genros
    • Latin: gener (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵém-ti-s ~ *ǵm̥-téy-s (“matrimony”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́mtiš
    • Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zāmiti, “child-birth”)
• Unsorted formations:
  • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źénˀtis, *źénˀtas (“son-in-law”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: γᾰ́μος (gámos) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ γαμέω (gaméō)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́mātā (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Sanskrit: जार (ȷ́ā́ra, ȷ́ārá, “paramour, lover, intimate companion”)
    • Sanskrit: जार्य (jāryá, “intimacy; companionship”)
  • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Sanskrit: जाया (jāyā́, “wife”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Sanskrit: जामि (ȷ́āmí, “female relative; daughter-in-law; consanguinity”)