Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/attô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *átta. Cognate with Latin atta (“father”). The word was probably originally only a vocative, but was extended with a full paradigm in most descendants, including Germanic where it was reformed as a masculine n-stem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑt.tɔːː/

Noun

*attô m

1. father, dad

   Synonym: *fadēr

2. forefather

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *attô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*attô	*attaniz
vocative	*attô	*attaniz
accusative	*attanų	*attanunz
genitive	*attiniz	*attanǫ̂
dative	*attini	*attammaz
instrumental	*attinē	*attammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *attō
  • Old English: *ætta, *atta
    • Middle English: *dadde, *dadd
      • English: dad
  • Old Frisian: atta, aththa, atha, eththa
    • North Frisian: ate, aatj, taatje, tääte
    • West Frisian: heit
  • Old Saxon: *atto, *etto
    • >? Middle Low German: ette (“local elder, hereditary male judge”)
  • Old Dutch: *atto, *etto
    • Middle Dutch: ette
      • Dutch: ette
  • Old High German: atto
    • Middle High German: atte
      • Alemannic German: Ätti, Ätte

        Italian Walser: attu, àttu, attò

        • ⇒ Alemannic German: Großätti, Großatt
      • Bavarian: Ätt
      • ⇒? Cimbrian: tatta
• >? Old Norse: Atti
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: Atte
  • Old Swedish: Atte
  • Old Danish: Atti
• Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 (atta)