Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/daʀaq

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daraq/

Noun

*daʀaq

blood (vital liquid flowing in animal bodies)

Descendants

Northern Formosan
- Western Plains
  - Babuza: taga
Atayalic
- Taroko: dara
East Formosan
- Kavalanic
  - Basay: tsala
- Ami
  - Amis: lala'
Tsouic
- Southern Tsouic
  - Kanakanabu: cara'ʉ
  - Saaroa: cara'ʉ
Paiwan: djaq
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *daʀaq
- Proto-Philippine: *dáʀaq
  - Northern Luzon
    - Ilocano: dara
    - Pangasinan: dala
    - Yogad: daga
  - Central Luzon
    - Kapampangan: daya
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Danao
        Maranao: dara
- Barito
  - Malagasy: ra
- Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands
  - Proto-Batak: *darəh (with irregular *ə in the final syllable)
    - Karo Batak: darəh
    - Dairi Batak: daroh
    - Simalungun Batak: daroh
    - Toba Batak: daro
  - Nias: do
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Proto-Chamic: *darah
    - Acehnese: darah
    - Cham:
      - Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꩍ (darah)
    - Jarai: drah
  - Proto-Malayic: *darah
    - Banjarese: darah
    - Kendayan: darah
    - Ibanic
      - Iban: daræh
      - Keninjal: daɣah
      - Mualang: daɣah
      - Seberuang: daɣah
    - Malayan
      - Malay: darah
        Indonesian: darah
        → Javanese: ꦝꦫꦃ (dharah)
      - Minangkabau: darah
      - Central Malay: daghah
      - Pattani Malay: ดาเรฺาะฮ (daɣɔh)
    - Urak Lawoi': ดารัฮ (darah)
- Old Javanese: rāh
  - Javanese: ꦫꦃ (rah, “blood”)
  - → Balinese: ᬭᬵᬄ (rah, “blood”)
- >? Old Javanese: darā
  - > Javanese: ꦢꦫ (dara) (inherited)
  - >? Malay: dara
    - > Indonesian: dara (inherited)
- Celebic:
  - Saluan-Banggai
    - Balantak: rara'
  - Wotu-Wolio
    - Wolio: raa
- Chamorro: håga'
- Palauan: rasech
- Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Masiwang: lasa
  - Proto-Oceanic: *draʀaq^[1]
    - Nauruan: ara
    - Proto-Micronesian: *caa-^[2]
      - Woleaian: cha

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *daRaq.

^ Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2013) “The Austronesian comparative dictionary: a work in progress”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 52, number 2, pages 493-523
^ Bender, Byron W., Goodenough, Ward H., Jackson, Frederick H., Marck, Jeffrey C., Sohn, Ho-Min, Trussel, Stephen, Wang, Judith W. (2003) “Proto-Micronesian reconstructions: I”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 42, number 1, →DOI, pages 1-110

[1] Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2013) “The Austronesian comparative dictionary: a work in progress”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 52, number 2, pages 493-523

[2] Bender, Byron W., Goodenough, Ward H., Jackson, Frederick H., Marck, Jeffrey C., Sohn, Ho-Min, Trussel, Stephen, Wang, Judith W. (2003) “Proto-Micronesian reconstructions: I”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 42, number 1, →DOI, pages 1-110

[1]

[2]