-val
See also: Appendix:Variations of "val"
Estonian
editSuffix
edit-val
Hungarian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Uralic. Cognate with Northern Mansi -ыл (-yl).
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-val/-vel (instrumental case suffix)
Usage notes
edit- (instrumental case suffix) Variants:
- When it is added to a word ending in a consonant, the v assimilates to the final consonant, and the final consonant becomes long:
- busz (“bus”) -val → busszal (“by bus”) (unassimilated forms like buszval are nonstandard, occurring in some dialects)
- segítség (“help”) -vel → segítséggel (“with help”)
Hungarian case suffixes
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |