-ok

See also: ok, Ok, OK, ók, òk, ők, and Appendix:Variations of "ok"

Abenaki

Suffix

-ok

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

   agaskw (“woodchuck”) → agask(w)ok (“woodchucks”)

Usage notes

• Used to form the plurals of many words ending in w (which it may suppress), and of some other words (which likely ended in w at an earlier stage of the language).
• See the usage notes at -ak.

Basque

Suffix

-ok

1. Absolutive and ergative proximal plural suffix.
   1. we

      Ikasleok azterketa errezak nahiago ditugu. ― We students prefer easy exams.

   2. you
   3. these

      Otsoak mendiotan zehar dabiltza. ― There are wolves wandering around these mountains.

Usage notes

• There are two uses for this suffix:
  • Replacing the normal plural -ak when the speaker/interlocutor is part of a group.
  • A clitic equivalent of hauek (“these”). However, they aren't exact synonyms, as -ok often implies a real physical proximity.
• The inflection is similar to that of -ak, but replacing -e- by -o-.

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Further reading

• “plural hurbila (-ok)”, in Euskara Batuaren Eskuliburua, Euskaltzaindia, 2023

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ok]
• Rhymes: -ok

Etymology 1

From -o- (linking vowel) ‎ -k (plural suffix).

Suffix

-ok

2. (plural suffix) -s, -es

   ‎kor (“age”) ‎-ok → ‎korok (“ages”)

   Az elektromos autók hangtalanok. ― Electric cars are quiet.

Usage notes

• (plural suffix) Variants:

  -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  ‎nő (“woman”) ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)

  ‎fa (“tree”) ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)

  ‎csésze (“cup”) ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)

  -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎ház (“house”) ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)

  -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎pad (“bench”) ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)

  -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎kert (“garden”) ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)

  ‎könyv (“book”) ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)

  -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎kör (“circle”) ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)

• Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
• The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
• If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2

From -o- (linking vowel) ‎ -k (personal suffix).

Suffix

-ok

2. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

   ‎ír (“to write”) ‎-ok → ‎írok (“I write, I am writing”)

   Levelet írok a szüleimnek. ― I'm writing a letter to my parents.

Usage notes

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -ok is added to back-vowel verbs

  -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

  -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

  -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs

  -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs

  -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See also

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Middle English

Alternative forms

• -oc, -ock, -oq, -og, -uc, -uk, -uck
• -ek, -ak, -ke, -k (rare)

Etymology

From Old English -oc, -uc, from Proto-West Germanic *-uk, from Proto-Germanic *-ukaz. More at -ock.

Suffix

-ok

1. suffix forming diminutives of nouns

Descendants

• English: -ock, -ick, -ik (dialectal)
• Scots: -ock, -ockie
• Yola: -ok, -uck, -ick

References

• “-ok, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• -uku, -oko, -oke (dialectal)

Etymology

A contracted form of -voke, -voka, from Old Norse vaka (“wake, vigil”) (oblique case vǫku). Doublet of vake and vòke.

Suffix

-ok m

1. Similar to English -mas.

Derived terms

• barsok, bardsok
• botolvsok, bolsok, botsok
• hallvardsok, hallsok
• jakobsok
• jonsok
• larsok
• monsok
• olsok, olavsok
• persok, petersok
• rugsok
• syftesok, siktesok, siksok

References

• “-ok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔk/
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

-ok m

1. forms masculine nouns, sometimes with a derogatory connotation

   ‎jabłko ‎-ok → ‎jabcok

Declension

Inanimate:

Declension of -ok

	singular	plural
nominative	-ok	-oki
genitive	-oka	-oków
dative	-okowi	-okom
accusative	-ok	-oki
instrumental	-okiem	-okami
locative	-oku	-okach
vocative	-oku	-oki

Animate:

Declension of -ok

	singular	plural
nominative	-ok	-oki
genitive	-oka	-oków
dative	-okowi	-okom
accusative	-oka	-oki
instrumental	-okiem	-okami
locative	-oku	-okach
vocative	-oku	-oki

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ok

Further reading

• -ok in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Suffix

-ok (Cyrillic spelling -ок)

1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
   • dub (“to hollow”) -ok → dubok (“deep”)

See also

• -ak
• -ek

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Suffix

-ok m

1. used to form masculine nouns

Derived terms

Slovak terms suffixed with -ok

Yola

Alternative forms

• -uck, -ick

Etymology

From Middle English -ok, -uk, from Old English -oc, -uc (diminutive suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-uk.

Suffix

-ok

1. suffix forming diminutives of nouns

   haddokès, flaadhokes, thorelucke, lownnick.