-lik

See also: lik, lík, and -lık

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch -lijk. False cognate of Turkish -lik.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-lik

1. Forming adjectives from nouns with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.

Derived terms

Afrikaans terms suffixed with -lik

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lic], [liç], [lih], [lij]

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
-lıq	-lik	-luq	-lük

-lik

1. used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity

   ‎gözəl (“beautiful”) ‎-lik → ‎gözəllik (“beauty”)

   ‎ölməz (“immortal”) ‎-lik → ‎ölməzlik (“immortality”)

   ‎boş (“empty”) ‎-lik → ‎boşluq (“emptiness”)

2. used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship

   ‎üzv (“member”) ‎-lik → ‎üzvlük (“membership”)

   ‎dost (“friend”) ‎-lik → ‎dostluq (“friendship”)

3. used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions

   ‎müəllim (“teacher”) ‎-lik → ‎müəllimlik (“teaching, the work of a teacher”)

   ‎qəssab (“butcher”) ‎-lik → ‎qəssablıq (“butchery, the trade of a butcher”)

4. used to derive nouns denoting items containing something; -ory

   ‎söz (“word”) ‎-lik → ‎sözlük (“word-list; dictionary”)

   ‎öd (“gall”) ‎-lik → ‎ödlük (“gall bladder”)

   ‎ox (“arrow”) ‎-lik → ‎oxluq (“quiver”)

5. used to derive nouns denoting places characterized by abundance of something from nouns

   ‎ağac (“tree”) ‎-lik → ‎ağaclıq (“a treey place, a place with many trees”)

   ‎kölgə (“shadow”) ‎-lik → ‎kölgəlik (“a shady place”)

   ‎ilan (“snake”) ‎-lik → ‎ilanlıq (“a place full of snake”)

   ‎bataq (“swamp”) ‎-lik → ‎bataqlıq (“a swampy place”)

   ‎ocaq (“hearth”) ‎-lik → ‎ocaqlıq (“hearthstead”)

7. used to derive adjectives from nouns; -ly

   ‎ay (“month”) ‎-lik → ‎aylıq (“monthly”)

   ‎torba (“bag”) ‎-lik → ‎torbalıq (“intended to be used for sewing bags”)

   ‎dağ (“mountain”) ‎-lik → ‎dağlıq (“mountainous”)

   ‎beş nəfər (“five people”) ‎-lik → ‎beş nəfərlik (“intended for five people”)

8. used to derive temporal adverbs from temporal adverbs and nouns; for

   ‎hələ (“still”) ‎-lik → ‎hələlik (“yet, still, for the time being”)

   ‎həmişə (“always”) ‎-lik → ‎həmişəlik (“for ever, permanently”)

   ‎ömür (“lifetime”) ‎-lik → ‎ömürlük (“for life”)

9. (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting kinship other than by blood; step-

   Synonym: ögey

   ‎ata (“father”) ‎-lik → ‎atalıq (“stepfather”)

   ‎ana (“mother”) ‎-lik → ‎analıq (“step-mother”)

   ‎oğul (“son”) ‎-lik → ‎oğulluq (“stepson”)

   ‎qız (“daughter”) ‎-lik → ‎qızlıq (“stepdaughter”)

   ‎bacı (“sister”) ‎-lik → ‎bacılıq (“stepsister”)

10. (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting clothing items

    ‎baş (“head”) ‎-lik → ‎başlıq (“bashlyk, hood”)

    ‎gəlin (“bride”) ‎-lik → ‎gəlinlik (“wedding dress”)

    ‎bazar (“market; Sunday”) ‎-lik → ‎bazarlıq (“bride's garments”)

Usage notes

• It changes to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word (see also: vowel harmony).

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -lik

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-lik.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lic/

Suffix

-lik

1. -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom

   ‎genç (“young”) ‎-lik → ‎gençlik (“youngness”)

   ‎dost (“friend”) ‎-lik → ‎dostluq (“friendship”)

   ‎ür (“free”) ‎-lik → ‎ürlük (“freedom”)

2. being (like) ...

   ‎dağ (“mountain”) ‎-lik → ‎dağlıq (“mountainous”)

3. belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container

   ‎qave (“coffee”) ‎-lik → ‎qavelik (“coffee pot”)

Usage notes

• By vowel harmony, the suffix may change to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word to which it is attached.

Derived terms

Crimean Tatar terms suffixed with -lik

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Germanic -līk?”)

Suffix

-lik (genitive -liku, partitive -likku, comparative -likum, superlative kõige -likum)

1. -ly, -ic, -al - forms adjectives from nouns or verbs.

Declension

Declension of -lik (ÕS type 25/õnnelik, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-lik	-likud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-liku
genitive			-like -likkude
partitive		-likku	-likke -likkusid
illative		-likku -likusse	-likesse -likkudesse
inessive		-likus	-likes -likkudes
elative		-likust	-likest -likkudest
allative		-likule	-likele -likkudele
adessive		-likul	-likel -likkudel
ablative		-likult	-likelt -likkudelt
translative		-likuks	-likeks -likkudeks
terminative		-likuni	-likeni -likkudeni
essive		-likuna	-likena -likkudena
abessive		-likuta	-liketa -likkudeta
comitative		-likuga	-likega -likkudega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -lik

Greenlandic

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /-lik/, [-lɪk]

Suffix

-lik (n-n^?, truncative^?)

1. having, provided with, owning

Derived terms

Greenlandic terms suffixed with -lik

References

• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 153, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
• -lik in Katersat

Hungarian

Etymology

From -l (verb-forming suffix) ‎ -ik (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lik]

Suffix

-lik

1. (frequentative-reflexive verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or adjective to form a verb.

Usage notes

• (verb-forming suffix) Variants:

  -lik is added to both back-vowel and front-vowel words.

  ‎kék (“blue”) ‎-lik → ‎kéklik (“to appear blue”)

  ‎hanyatt (“on one's back”) ‎-lik → ‎hanyatlik (“to decline, fall, deteriorate”)

  -llik is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á. Final -e changes to -é.

  ‎barna (“brown”) ‎-llik → ‎barnállik (“to appear in brown color”)

  ‎fekete (“black”) ‎-llik → ‎feketéllik (“to appear in black color”)

  -allik is added to back-vowel words

  ‎nyíl (“arrow”) ‎-allik → ‎nyilallik (“(of pain) to stab, to feel like a dagger”)

  -ollik is added to some back-vowel words

  ‎torok (“throat”) ‎-ollik → ‎torkollik (“to end in something”)

  -ellik is added to front-vowel words

  ‎szög (“angle”) ‎-ellik → ‎szögellik (“to stretch out at an angle”)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -lik

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

K'iche'

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /liːkʰ/

Suffix

-lik

1. Forms adjectives from verbs

   li’ (“to roll out dough”) → li’lik (“flat”)

   oq’etaj (“to cry for something”) → oq’talik (“cried for”)

   muqtajik (“to cover”) → muqtalik (“buried”)

2. Forms adjectives from nouns

   jäb (“rain”) → jäbalik (“watered”)

   kotokik (“turn; bend”) → kotolik (“coiled”)

References

• Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-lik

1. Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-lik

1. Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)

Swedish

Etymology

From the adjective lik (“similar”).

Suffix

-lik

1. -like, -ish

   Synonyms: -artad, -aktig

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -lik

Anagrams

• kil

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلك (-lik), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lik/, [lic]

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
-lık	-lik	-luk	-lük

-lik

1. -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom

   ‎genç (“young”) ‎-lik → ‎gençlik (“youth”)

   ‎anne (“mother”) ‎-lik → ‎annelik (“motherhood”)

   ‎üye (“member”) ‎-lik → ‎üyelik (“membership”)

   ‎kral (“king”) ‎-lik → ‎krallık (“kingdom”)

   ‎özgür (“free”) ‎-lik → ‎özgürlük (“freedom”)

2. being (like) ...

   ‎aydın (“bright”) ‎-lik → ‎aydınlık (“enlightenment; being lit up or brightened”)

   ‎dağ (“mountain”) ‎-lik → ‎dağlık (“mountainous”)

3. belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container

   ‎salça (“sauce”) ‎-lik → ‎salçalık (“sauceboat; suitable for making a sauce”)

   ‎kalem (“pencil”) ‎-lik → ‎kalemlik (“pencil case”)

4. Lasting for a period of time

   beş dakikalık bir video ― a five-minute-long video

5. old

   üç aylık bebek ― a three-month-old baby

6. (uncommon) year-old

   on iki'lik kız ― twelve-year-old girl

Usage notes

• Used with nouns or adjectives and may yield a noun or adjective. Often found appended to verbal nouns. For example, the verb atıştırmak (“to snack”) yields atıştırma (“snacking”) and thus atıştırmalık, which can mean both “snack” and “suitable for snacking”.

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -lik

Descendants

• Greek: -λίκι (-líki)

Uzbek

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai ـلیق (-lıq), ـلیک (-lik), ـلوق (-luq), ـلوک (-lük), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.

Suffix

-lik

1. -ness
2. Suffix forming various demonyms.

Derived terms

Uzbek terms suffixed with -lik