-kin

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kin"

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds.

Suffix

-kin

1. (now chiefly dialectal) Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like.

   alkin

   Dutchkin

   ilkin

   weirdkin

   whatkin

2. (plural -kin) A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort.

   otakukin

   otherkin

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -kin (kind)

Etymology 2

From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, -ce, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.

Suffix

-kin

2. (now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns.

Synonyms

• -ie, -let, -ling, -ock

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -kin (diminutive)

Related terms

• Jack (from Middle English Jankin)
• mannikin/mannequin
• ramekin/ramequin
• -kins

See also

• -chan

Anagrams

• -nik, Nik, ink

Basque

Suffix

-kin

1. Alternative form of -gin (“maker, doer”)

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-gik, from *-ka suffix (possibly lative *-ik). Cognate to Estonian -gi, Votic -tši. The final -n is by analogy with -kaan. The form *-gik was historically standard, and variation is found in some lexicalized terms (e.g. jotain ~ jotakin). The strong grade -k- was originally only used after consonants. Probably also related to Erzya -ке (-ke) in секе (śeke, “the same”), неке (ńeke, “the same (plural)”).

Particle

-kin (enclitic particle, chiefly in the positive)

1. (appended to any other word than a verb) also, too

   Minäkin söin tänään jäätelöä.

   Also I ate ice-cream today. (I wasn't the only one who ate it.)

   (Minä) söin tänäänkin jäätelöä.

   I ate ice-cream also today. (I also ate it on other days.)

   (Minä) söin tänään jäätelöäkin.

   I ate also ice-cream today. (I also ate other things.)

   Oliko siellä montakin ihmistä?

   Were there many people there too?

2. (appended to a verb) though, anyway, still, nonetheless, nevertheless; often not translated at all, used to underline an action

   Minulla ei ole nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.

   I'm not hungry, but I did just eat some ice cream.

   Minulla ei pitänyt olla nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.

   I wasn't supposed to be hungry, but I just ate some ice cream anyway.

   Minun piti mennä kauppaan, mutta meninkin kapakkaan.

   I was supposed to go to the store, but I went to the bar instead.

   "Kuinka sait tavarat ulos kaupasta? Eihän sinulla ollut rahaa!" "Minä maksoinkin luottokortilla."

   "How did you get the items out of the store? You didn't have any money, did you?" "[Well,] I paid with a credit card."

   Bussi tulikin taas myöhässä.

   The bus came late again (as always).

   Vaikka osasinkin jo suurimman osan opetetuista asioista, kurssi oli silti kiinnostava.

   Even though I already knew most of the things taught, the course was still interesting.

3. at that (in addition to what has been said; furthermore; moreover)

   Hän meni kuuluisaan kouluun ja hyvään menikin.

   He went to a famous school, and a good one at that.

4. even (implying extreme example)

   Minäkin osaisin tehdä tämän!

   Even I know how to do this!

5. -ever (when used with a verb that has an interrogative pronoun, often with ikinä for emphasis)

   Kuka ikinä onkin, hän yrittää vain saada huomiosi.

   Whoever that person is, they are just trying to get your attention.

6. Used to form rhetorical questions or questions for which the speaker is seeking to have their opinion confirmed.

   Eikö olekin kaunis?

   It's beautiful, isn't it?

Usage notes

polarity pair	positive	-kin
	negative	-kaan

• The exact meaning of -kin (and -kaan) depends significantly on its placement within the sentence and the part of speech of the word to which it is attached.

Synonyms

• (too, also): myös

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “too, also”): -kaan / -kään

See also

• -kaan / -kään
• -han / -hän
• -ko / -kö
• -pa / -pä
• -s

Turkish

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
default	-gın	-gin	-gun	-gün
assimilated	-kın	-kin	-kun	-kün

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cin/

Suffix

-kin

1. Assimilated form of -gin after the vowels E / İ.

   ‎diz- (“to arrange in a row”) ‎-gin → ‎dizgin (“rein”)

   ‎sal- (“to let loose, to let go”) ‎-gın → ‎salgın (“outbreak, epidemic”)

   ‎dur- (“to stop”) ‎-gun → ‎durgun (“still, calm”)

   ‎ol- (“to be, to become”) ‎-gun → ‎olgun (“ripe”)