-is
Czech
editSuffix
edit-is n (noun-forming suffix, indeclinable)
Danish
editSuffix
edit-is
Antonyms
editEsperanto
editEtymology
editThe Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
- This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.
Suffix
edit-is
Estonian
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.
Suffix
edit-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)
- Derives nouns.
- Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.
- väli (“field, area”) -is → välis- (“outside”)
- võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")
Declension
editDeclension of -is (ÕS type 11/harjutus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ised | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -ise | ||
genitive | -iste | ||
partitive | -ist | -isi | |
illative | -isse -isesse |
-istesse -isisse | |
inessive | -ises | -istes -isis | |
elative | -isest | -istest -isist | |
allative | -isele | -istele -isile | |
adessive | -isel | -istel -isil | |
ablative | -iselt | -istelt -isilt | |
translative | -iseks | -isteks -isiks | |
terminative | -iseni | -isteni | |
essive | -isena | -istena | |
abessive | -iseta | -isteta | |
comitative | -isega | -istega |
Declension of -is (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ised | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -ise | ||
genitive | -iste | ||
partitive | -ist | -iseid | |
illative | -isesse | -istesse -iseisse | |
inessive | -ises | -istes -iseis | |
elative | -isest | -istest -iseist | |
allative | -isele | -istele -iseile | |
adessive | -isel | -istel -iseil | |
ablative | -iselt | -istelt -iseilt | |
translative | -iseks | -isteks -iseiks | |
terminative | -iseni | -isteni | |
essive | -isena | -istena | |
abessive | -iseta | -isteta | |
comitative | -isega | -istega |
Finnish
editEtymology 1
editProbably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.
Suffix
edit-is (colloquial)
- -er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
- funktionalismi (“functionalism”) -is → funkis
- kova (“hard, tough”) -is → kovis (“badass”)
- mestaruus (“championship”) -is → mestis (“league of champions”)
- paha (“bad”) -is → pahis (“bad guy”)
- Roihuvuori (a suburb of Helsinki) -is → Roihis
Declension
editInflection of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -ista | -iksia | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
accusative | nom. | -is | -ikset |
gen. | -iksen | ||
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -ista | -iksia | |
inessive | -iksessa | -iksissa | |
elative | -iksesta | -iksista | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
adessive | -iksella | -iksilla | |
ablative | -ikselta | -iksilta | |
allative | -ikselle | -iksille | |
essive | -iksena | -iksina | |
translative | -ikseksi | -iksiksi | |
abessive | -iksetta | -iksitta | |
instructive | — | -iksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Inflection of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -istä | -iksiä | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -is | -ikset | |
accusative | nom. | -is | -ikset |
gen. | -iksen | ||
genitive | -iksen | -isten -iksien | |
partitive | -istä | -iksiä | |
inessive | -iksessä | -iksissä | |
elative | -iksestä | -iksistä | |
illative | -ikseen | -iksiin | |
adessive | -iksellä | -iksillä | |
ablative | -ikseltä | -iksiltä | |
allative | -ikselle | -iksille | |
essive | -iksenä | -iksinä | |
translative | -ikseksi | -iksiksi | |
abessive | -iksettä | -iksittä | |
instructive | — | -iksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 2
editSuffix
edit-is
Derived terms
edit- -isis (“double sharp”)
Anagrams
editFrench
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.
Suffix
edit-is
- forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
Etymology 2
editSuffix
edit-is
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs
Etymology 3
editInherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).
Suffix
edit-is
- adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs
Derived terms
editGerman
editEtymology
editPotentially shortened from Diesis.
Suffix
edit-is (invariable)
Derived terms
edit- -isis (“double sharp”)
Descendants
edit- Norwegian Bokmål: -iss
Hungarian
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-is
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun to form a shortened diminutive name.
Derived terms
editSee also
editIdo
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.
Suffix
edit-is
- desinence of the past tense in verbs
See also
editIndonesian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Dutch -isch, from German -isch, from Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.
Suffix
edit-is
- -ic.
- strategis ― strategic
- pragmatis ― pragmatic
- -ical.
- praktis ― practical
- psikologis ― psychological
Etymology 2
editFrom Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
Suffix
edit-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- jurnalis ― journalist
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “-is” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
editEtymology
editFrom the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).
Suffix
edit-is f
Declension
edit
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
editSuffix
edit-is
Latin
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *-is.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /is/, [ɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
Suffix
edit-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix
- suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension
Declension
editThird-declension two-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia | |
Genitive | -is | -ium | |||
Dative | -ī | -ibus | |||
Accusative | -em | -e | -ēs -īs |
-ia | |
Ablative | -ī | -ibus | |||
Vocative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “-is” on page 970/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Etymology 2
editDeclined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
Suffix
edit-īs
Etymology 3
editDeclined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
Suffix
edit-īs m
Etymology 4
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
edit-is
- second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (third conjugation)
Etymology 5
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
edit-īs
- (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)
Etymology 6
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
edit-is
Malay
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLearned borrowing from Indonesian -is.[1]
Alternative forms
editSuffix
edit-is
Usage notes
edit- Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.
Etymology 2
editLearned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
Suffix
edit-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- sadis ― sadist
Etymology 3
editBorrowed from Portuguese -ês, from Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis.
Suffix
edit-is (Jawi spelling -يس)
- -ese.
- Kantonis ― Cantonese
- Portugis ― Portuguese
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 81–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277
Middle English
editEtymology 1
editSuffix
edit-is
- Alternative form of -yssh
Etymology 2
editSuffix
edit-is
- Alternative form of -esse
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editFrom Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)
- Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns
Derived terms
editReferences
editAnagrams
editPlains Cree
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)
- Used to form diminutives: -ie
Derived terms
editReferences
editSwedish
editEtymology
editAt least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (“basis”).
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-is c or n
- (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
- Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
- Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
- Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
- Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
- (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
- Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
- Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
- Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
- You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!
Usage notes
edit- Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Czech lemmas
- Czech suffixes
- Czech noun-forming suffixes
- Czech indeclinable nouns
- Czech neuter suffixes
- Czech terms with usage examples
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto suffixes
- Esperanto inflectional suffixes
- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
- Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto
- Esperanto BRO1
- Esperanto endings
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian noun-forming suffixes
- Estonian harjutus-type nominals
- Estonian katus-type nominals
- Finnish terms derived from Swedish
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish vastaus-type nominals
- Finnish terms derived from German
- fi:Music
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- de:Music
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/iʃ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/iʃ/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian diminutive suffixes
- Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido back-formations
- Ido lemmas
- Ido suffixes
- Ido inflectional suffixes
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from German
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle High German
- Indonesian terms derived from Old High German
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian suffixes
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms derived from Old French
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish lemmas
- Irish suffixes
- Irish noun-forming suffixes
- Irish feminine suffixes
- Irish second-declension nouns
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish suffix forms
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin adjective-forming suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes of two terminations
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Latin terms with archaic senses
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay terms borrowed from Indonesian
- Malay learned borrowings from Indonesian
- Malay terms derived from Indonesian
- Malay lemmas
- Malay suffixes
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Malay terms borrowed from English
- Malay learned borrowings from English
- Malay terms derived from English
- Malay terms derived from Old French
- Malay terms derived from Latin
- Malay terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Malay terms borrowed from Portuguese
- Malay terms derived from Portuguese
- Malay terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Malay unproductive suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Swedish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɪs
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes
- Plains Cree terms with IPA pronunciation
- Plains Cree lemmas
- Plains Cree suffixes
- Swedish terms borrowed from Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Swedish common-gender suffixes
- Swedish neuter suffixes
- Swedish suffixes with multiple genders
- Swedish colloquialisms
- Swedish terms with usage examples