-и

See also: и

Abkhaz

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. and

Usage notes

Can be used with all Abkhaz words. It should be placed after all words which use it:

аби ани ― abi ani ― father and mother

An и placed after an а will result in еи:

Атуристцәа Аҟәаҟеи Гәдоуҭаҟеи ицеит.

Atʼuristʼcʷa Aqʷʼaqʼei Gʷdowtaqʼei icejtʼ.

The tourists went to Sukhumi and Gudauta.

See also

• -гьы (-gʲə)

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. Forms relational adjectives from certain titular nouns.

   ‎бог (bog, “God”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎бо́жи (bóži, “of God, God's”)

   ‎враг (vrag, “enemy”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎вра́жи (vráži, “of the enemy, enemy's”)

2. Forms relational adjectives from nouns denoting animals.

   ‎вълк (vǎlk, “wolf”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎въ́лчи (vǎ́lči)

   ‎пти́ца (ptíca, “bird”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎пти́чи (ptíči)

   ‎овца́ (ovcá, “sheep”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎о́вчи (óvči)

   ‎гъ́с(ка) (gǎ́s(ka), “goose”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎гъ́ши (gǎ́ši)

Derived terms

Bulgarian terms suffixed with -и

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. Appended to nouns to create verbs.

   ‎врева (vreva) ‎-и (-i) → ‎вреви (vrevi)

   ‎дозвола (dozvola) ‎-и (-i) → ‎дозволи (dozvoli)

   ‎зрак (zrak) ‎-и (-i) → ‎зрачи (zrači)

   ‎ѕвон (dzvon) ‎-и (-i) → ‎ѕвони (dzvoni)

   ‎срам (sram) ‎-и (-i) → ‎срами (srami)

2. Appended to adjectives to create verbs.

   ‎бел (bel) ‎-и (-i) → ‎бели (beli)

   ‎бистар (bistar) ‎-и (-i) → ‎бистри (bistri)

   ‎крив (kriv) ‎-и (-i) → ‎криви (krivi)

   ‎рамен (ramen) ‎-и (-i) → ‎рамни (ramni)

   ‎ќелав (ḱelav) ‎-и (-i) → ‎ќелави (ḱelavi)

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -и

Moksha

Etymology

Perhaps related to Finnish -ja, Estonian -ja, Livonian -ji, e.g., jūoji (“drinker”).

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. agentive suffix
   • V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN

     читатель — морафтысь, лувись

     čitaťeľ — moraftiś, luv iś

     reader [in Russian] — reader

Declension

Definite declension of -и

	singular	plural
nominative	-ись (-iś)	-ихне (-ihńe)
genitive	-ить (-iť)	-ихнень (-ihńeń)
dative	-ити (-iťi)	-ихненди (-ihńeńďi)

Derived terms

Moksha terms suffixed with -и

Mongolian

Etymology

Derived from Russian -ия f (-ija, “-y, -ey, -ia, -ium”) and -ий m (-ij, “-ius”).

Pronunciation

Silent.

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. Used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) and -ий (-ij) in loanwords with stems that do not end in с (s) or ц (c).

   Alternative form: -∅

   Итали ― Itali ― Italy

   Бельги ― Belʹgi ― Belgium

   Маврики ― Mavriki ― Mauritius

Derived terms

Mongolian terms suffixed with -и

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• -ⰻ (-i) — Glagolitic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-jь.

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. Adjectival of secondary origin:
   1. From nouns

      ‎грѣшьникъ (grěšĭnikŭ, “sinner”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎грѣшьничь (grěšĭničĭ, “sinner's”)

      ‎ловьць (lovĭcĭ, “hunter”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎ловьчь (lovĭčĭ, “hunter's”)

      ‎мѫченикъ (mǫčenikŭ, “martyr”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎мѫченичь (mǫčeničĭ, “martyr's”)

      ‎вьдовица (vĭdovica, “widow”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎вьдовичь (vĭdovičĭ, “widow's”)

      ‎дѣвица (děvica, “virgin, maiden”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎дѣвичь (děvičĭ, “girl's”)

      ‎агнѧ (agnę, “lamb”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎агньчь (agnĭčĭ, “lamb's”)

      ‎говѧдо (govędo, “bull, ox”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎говѧждь (govęždĭ, “bovine”)

   2. From adjectives

      ‎бъдръ (bŭdrŭ, “lively”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎бъждр҄ь (bŭždrʹĭ, “brisk”)

      ‎прокъ (prokŭ, “remnant”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎прочь (pročĭ, “other”)

   3. From verbs

      ‎лъгати (lŭgati, “to lie”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎лъжь (lŭžĭ, “lie's”)

      ‎боуꙗти (bujati, “to thrive, to rage”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎боуи (bui, “immoderate”)

Usage notes

When attached to a word ending in a consonant, the -j- glide iotates the aforementioned consonant which often leads to one of the Slavic palatalizations.

Declension

Short declension of -и (soft o/a-stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	-ь -ĭ	-е -e	-а -a	-а -a	-и -i		-и -i	-а -a	-ѧ -ę
genitive	-а -a		-ѧ -ę	-оу -u		-оу -u	-ь -ĭ		-ь -ĭ
dative	-оу -u		-и -i	-ема -ema		-ама -ama	-емъ -emŭ		-амъ -amŭ
accusative	-ь -ĭ	-е -e	-ѫ -ǫ	-а -a	-и -i		-ѧ -ę	-а -a	-ѧ -ę
instrumental	-емь -emĭ		-еѭ -ejǫ	-ема -ema		-ама -ama	-и -i		-ами -ami
locative	-и -i		-и -i	-оу -u		-оу -u	-ихъ -ixŭ		-ахъ -axŭ
vocative	-ь -ĭ	-е -e	-а -a	-а -a	-и -i		-и -i	-а -a	-ѧ -ę

Long declension of -и (soft o/a-stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	-ии -ii	-еѥ -eje	-аꙗ -aja	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-аꙗ -aja	-ѧѩ -ęję
genitive	-аѥго -ajego		-ѧѩ -ęję	-оую -uju		-оую -uju	-иихъ -iixŭ		-иихъ -iixŭ
dative	-оуѥмоу -ujemu		-ии -ii	-иима -iima		-иима -iima	-иимъ -iimŭ		-иимъ -iimŭ
accusative	-ии -ii	-еѥ -eje	-ѫѭ -ǫjǫ	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ѧѩ -ęję	-аꙗ -aja	-ѧѩ -ęję
instrumental	-иимь -iimĭ		-еѭ -ejǫ	-иима -iima		-иима -iima	-иими -iimi		-иими -iimi
locative	-иѥмь -ijemĭ		-ии -ii	-оую -uju		-оую -uju	-иихъ -iixŭ		-иихъ -iixŭ
vocative	-ии -ii	-еѥ -eje	-аꙗ -aja	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-аꙗ -aja	-ѧѩ -ęję

Derived terms

Old Church Slavonic terms suffixed with -и

Related terms

• -ии (-ii)

References

• Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка‎^[1], София

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-jь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Old East Slavic -и (-i), Old Church Slavonic -и (-i).

Suffix

-и • (-i)

1. Adjectival of secondary origin:
   1. From nouns

      ‎кꙑꙗнине (kyjanine, “Kyivan (resident of Kyiv)”) ‎-и (-i) → ‎кꙑꙗнинь (kyjaninĭ, “Kyivan's”)

Declension

Short declension of -и (soft o/a stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	-ь -ĭ	-ѥ -je	-ꙗ -ja	-ꙗ -ja	-и -i		-и -i	-ꙗ -ja	-ѣ -jě
genitive	-ꙗ -ja		-ѣ -jě	-ю -ju			-ь -ĭ
dative	-ю -ju		-и -i	-ѥма -jema		-ꙗма -jama	-ѥмъ -jemŭ		-ꙗмъ -jamŭ
accusative	-ь -ĭ	-ѥ -je	-ѭ -jǫ	-ꙗ -ja	-и -i		-ѣ -jě	-ꙗ -ja	-ѣ -jě
instrumental	-ѥмь -jemĭ		-ѥѭ -jejǫ	-ѥма -jema		-ꙗма -jama	-и -i		-ꙗми -jami
locative	-и -i		-и -i	-ю -ju			-ихъ -ixŭ		-ꙗхъ -jaxŭ
vocative	-ь -ĭ	-ѥ -je	-ꙗ -ja	-ꙗ -ja	-и -i		-и -i	-ꙗ -ja	-ѣ -jě

Long declension of -и (soft o/a stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	-ьи -ĭi	-ѥѥ -jeje	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ѣѣ -jějě
genitive	-ѥго -jego		-ѣѣ -jějě	-юю -juju			-ихъ -ixŭ
dative	-ѥмоу -jemu		-ии -ii	-има -ima		-има -ima	-имъ -imŭ		-имъ -imŭ
accusative	-ьи -ĭi	-ѥѥ -jeje	-ѭѭ -jǫjǫ	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ии -ii		-ѣѣ -jějě	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ѣѣ -jějě
instrumental	-имь -imĭ		-ѥѭ -jejǫ	-има -ima		-има -ima	-ими -imi		-ими -imi
locative	-ѥмь -jemĭ		-ии -ii	-юю -juju			-ихъ -ixŭ		-ихъ -ixŭ
vocative	-ьи -ĭi	-ѥѥ -jeje	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-ꙗꙗ -jaja	-ѣѣ -jějě

Derived terms

Old Novgorodian terms suffixed with -и