茨

茨 U 8328, 茨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8328 ← 茧 [U 8327] CJK Unified Ideographs 茩 → [U 8329]

Translingual

Han character

茨 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸 6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿戈一人 (TIMO) or 廿一一人 (TMMO), four-corner 4418₂, composition ⿱艹次)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1028, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30896
• Dae Jaweon: page 1487, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3208, character 6
• Unihan data for U 8328

Chinese

trad.		茨
simp. #		茨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 茨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
咨	*ʔsli
資	*ʔsli
姿	*ʔsli
粢	*ʔsli
諮	*ʔsli
恣	*ʔslis
澬	*ʔsli, *zli
趑	*sʰli
蠀	*sʰli
次	*sn̥ʰis
佽	*sl̥ʰis
絘	*sl̥ʰis
薋	*zli
瓷	*zli
茨	*zli
餈	*zli
垐	*zli, *zlɯɡ
楶	*ʔsliːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : semantic 艸 phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cí (ci²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cí
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci⁴
    • Yale: chìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ce⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzij

Rime
Character	茨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾資切
Baxter	dzij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi/
Li Rong	/d͡zi/
Wang Li	/d͡zi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zli/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茨
Reading #	1/1
No.	1800
Phonetic component	次
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	茨
Old Chinese	/*zli/

Definitions

茨

1. caltrop, puncture vine, Tribulus terrestris
2. Misspelling of 莰 (kǎn).

Compounds

• 乾茨臘／干茨腊
• 土階茅茨／土阶茅茨
• 楚茨
• 波茨坦 (Bōcítǎn)
• 牆有茨／墙有茨
• 茅茨
• 茆茨
• 茅茨不剪
• 茅茨土階／茅茨土阶
• 茨實米／茨实米
• 茨河 (Cíhé)
• 茨菰 (cígū)
• 茨藻
• 野茨菰
• 鳧茨／凫茨 (fúcí)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁵

---

• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ze⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̂
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

Definitions

茨

1. (Teochew) Alternative form of 薯 (“potato, sweet potato and yam”)

Japanese

茨 (ibara, ubara, umara, mubara): a thorny shrub.

Kanji

茨

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. briar, bramble

Readings

• Go-on: じ (ji)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: いばら (ibara, 茨, Jōyō ^†)、うばら (ubara, 茨)、うまら (umara, 茨)、むばら (mubara, 茨)
• Nanori: あし (ashi)、えばら (ebara)、ばら (bara)、まつ (matsu)、まん (man)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
茨
いばら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
荊 棘

/ubara/ → /ibara/

Sound shift from Old Japanese ubara (see below). Now the modern version of this term.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いばら [ìbárá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [iba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

茨(いばら) • (ibara) 

1. a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble

   Synonyms: 刺 (toge), 棘 (toge), 針 (hari), 鍼 (hari)

   • 1999 May 27, “魔(ま)界(かい)のイバラ”, in Vol.3, Konami:

     魔(ま)界(かい)に生(せい)息(そく)するイバラ。無(む)理(り)に通(とお)ろうとする者(もの)にからみつく。

     Makai ni seisoku suru ibara. Muri ni tōrō to suru mono ni karamitsuku.

     A thorny plant that grows in the demon world. It constricts any unwary passerby.

2. (regional, chiefly Kansai) a thorn on a plant
3. general name for wild roses
4. (figurative) suffering, hardship, distress
5. (architecture, construction) the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable
6. (historical, slang) during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute

   Synonym: 端女郎 (hashijorou)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
茨
うばら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears alongside the umara form (see below), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.

Superseded by ibara above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

茨(うばら) • (ubara) 

1. (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
2. (archaic) general name for wild roses

Derived terms

• 薔薇(ばら) (bara)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
茨
うまら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears alongside the ubara form (see above), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.

Superseded by ibara above.

Noun

茨(うまら) • (umara) 

1. (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 47:

     翹棘 翹尅 音交 訓久波多川 棘 音里 訓宇末良

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (archaic) general name for wild roses

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
茨
むばら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
荊

Appears in the Heian period, apparently as a shift from ubara. Used in The Tales of Ise dating to the early 900s CE.

Considering the earlier free alternation between ubara and umara, suggesting a possible prenasalized pronunciation such as */umbara/, this mubara may have arisen from an alternative spelling to clarify nasalization. Old Japanese orthography had no unambiguous means of specifying the nasal coda consonant ん (n), using む (mu) instead. In fact, the modern kana ん (n) developed from a hentaigana form of む (mu).

Superseded by ibara above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

茨(むばら) • (mubara) 

1. (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
2. (archaic) general name for wild roses

References

• Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

茨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

茨: Hán Nôm readings: tỳ, tì

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.