Wiktionary

欠

See also: 缺, and 久
欠 U 6B20, 欠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B20
← 欟
[U 6B1F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 次 →
[U 6B21]
⽋ U 2F4B, ⽋
KANGXI RADICAL LACK
← ⽊
[U 2F4A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽌ →
[U 2F4C]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit
See images of
Radical 76 欠

欠 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠 0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO), four-corner 27802, composition ⿱⺈人)

  1. Kangxi radical #76, ⽋.

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 565, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15991
  • Dae Jaweon: page 953, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 1
  • Unihan data for U 6B20

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 欠
alternative forms 㐸

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 欠
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
坎 *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms
扻 *kʰoːmʔ
砍 *kʰoːmʔ
芡 *ɡromʔ
欠 *kʰoms
杴 *qʰom
鍁 *qʰam

Pictogram (象形) – a kneeling person with mouth open for various reasons (e.g., begging 欠, speaking and/or spitting while speaking 次, blowing 吹, singing 歌, desiring 欲, being tired 軟, vomiting 歐...).

The reversed version of this character is 㒫 > 旡 (e.g. 既), which must not be confused with 无.

Similar but unrelated to 卩, in which the person kneeling has the mouth shut.

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • kiam3 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • kiêm3 - Chaozhou;
  • kiang3 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 欠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 嚴 (145)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去劔切
Baxter khjaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨɐmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiɐmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɨamH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiɐmH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭɐmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯ɐmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		him3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 欠
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjomH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʰ(r)om-s/
English yawn

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 欠
Reading # 1/1
No. 10274
Phonetic
component 		欠
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoms/
Notes 原列梵韻依王韻改釅

Definitions

edit

欠

  1. to lack; to be deficient
  2. to owe
  3. to ask for; to beg for
    欠揍  ―  qiànzòu  ―  asking for a beating
  4. (Mandarin) to yawn
  5. (Mandarin) to raise slightly (a part of the body)
  6. (Mandarin, dialectal) to be fidgety and bungling
  7. (Wuhan Mandarin) to miss somebody

Synonyms

edit
  • (to lack):
  • (to owe):
Dialectal synonyms of 欠 (“to owe”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 欠
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 該, 欠
Taiwan 欠
Harbin 欠, 該
Malaysia 欠
Singapore 欠
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 該, 欠, 短
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 欠, 該
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 欠, 該, 爭
Xi'an 爭, 該
Xining 欠, 該
Xuzhou 少, 該
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 欠, 該
Ürümqi 欠, 該, 短
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 爭, 該, 欠
Wuhan 該, 差
Guiyang 爭, 該, 欠
Guilin 欠
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 空, 該, 欠
Yangzhou 差, 該, 空
Hefei 該, 差
Cantonese Guangzhou 爭, 欠
Hong Kong 爭, 欠
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 爭
Macau 爭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 爭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 爭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 爭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 爭
Foshan 爭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 爭
Foshan (Shunde) 爭
Foshan (Sanshui) 爭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 欠
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 爭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 爭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 欠
Zhuhai (Doumen) 爭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 爭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 爭
Taishan 爭
Kaiping (Chikan) 爭
Enping (Niujiang) 爭
Heshan (Yayao) 爭
Dongguan 爭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 爭
Yangjiang 欠, 爭
Nanning 爭
Yulin 爭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 爭
Gan Nanchang 該
Lichuan 欠, 該
Pingxiang 差, 少
Hakka Meixian 欠, 爭
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 少
Huiyang 少, 爭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 爭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 爭
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 差
Heyuan (Bendihua) 欠
Liannan 欠
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 欠, 爭
Jiexi 欠
Changting 欠
Wuping 少
Ninghua 欠
Yudu 欠
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 欠
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 欠
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 欠
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 欠
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 欠
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 欠
Hong Kong 爭
Huizhou Jixi 欠
Jin Taiyuan 該, 短
Xinzhou 該, 短
Northern Min Jian'ou 欠
Eastern Min Fuzhou 欠
Southern Min Xiamen 欠
Quanzhou 欠
Zhangzhou 欠
Taipei 欠 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 欠
Manila (Hokkien) 欠
Chaozhou 欠
Shantou 欠
Singapore (Teochew) 欠
Leizhou 欠, 該
Haikou 欠
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 欠
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 欠, 該
Suzhou 欠
Danyang 欠
Hangzhou 欠
Wenzhou 欠, 爭
Jinhua 欠
Xiang Changsha 該, 欠
Loudi 欠
Shuangfeng 欠, 該
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

edit

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
欠

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. yawn
  2. lack

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: こん (kon)
  • Kan-on: けん (ken)
  • Kun: あくび (akubi, 欠)

Compounds

edit

Kanji

edit

Shinjitai

欠

Kyūjitai

缺
欠

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 缺)

  1. lack, shortage
  2. to be absent
  3. vacancy

Readings

edit

Usage notes

edit

Compounds

edit
Compounds

Etymology

edit
Kanji in this term
欠
あくび
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 欠 – see the following entry.
【あくび】
[noun] 欠, 欠伸: [from 901] a yawn, yawning
[noun] 欠: the 欠 element in kanji characters
[verb] to yawn
Alternative spelling
欠伸
(This term, 欠, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

欠 (eumhun 하품 흠 (hapum heum))

  1. hanja form? of 흠 (“yawn”)

Compounds

edit

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

欠: Hán Nôm readings: khiếm

  1. chữ Hán form of khiếm (“lacking”).

Compounds

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=欠&oldid=82658183"