文章

Chinese

		language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle	chapter; seal; section
simp. and trad. (文章)		文	章

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wénzhāng

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вынҗон (vɨnžon, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ zoeng¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-chông
Northern Min (KCR): uǒ̤ng-ció̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): ùng-ciŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bûn-chiuⁿ / bûn-chioⁿ / bûn-chiong / bûn-chiang

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhung⁵ ziang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ven-tsaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wénzhāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúnjhang
  - Wade–Giles: wên²-chang¹
  - Yale: wén-jāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenjang
  - Palladius: вэньчжан (vɛnʹčžan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    文章
    紋章／纹章
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вынҗон (vɨnžon, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: man⁴ zoeng¹
  - Yale: màhn jēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ dzoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ zêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    文章
    紋章／纹章
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-chông
  - Hakka Romanization System: vun^ˇ zong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vun² zong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǒ̤ng-ció̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uɔŋ²¹ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ùng-ciŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuoŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: buncviw
  - IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siũ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: bûn-tsionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: buncvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bunciofng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-chiang
  - Tâi-lô: bûn-tsiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bunciafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhung⁵ ziang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng tsiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ven-tsaon
  - MiniDict: ven^去 tsaon
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ven-tsaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²² t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: mjun tsyang

Rime
Character	文	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無分切	諸良切
Baxter	mjun	tsyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨun/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/miun/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuən/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mun/	/cɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuən/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭuən/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯uən/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wén	zhāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man⁴	zoeng¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mə[n] taŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯn kjaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	文	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wén	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjun ›	‹ tsyang ›
Old Chinese	/*mə[n]/	/*taŋ/
English	ornate	brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	文	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13015	16817
Phonetic component	文	章
Rime group	文	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	文	章
Old Chinese	/*mɯn/	/*kjaŋ/

Noun

文章

essay; composition; article (in a newspaper, magazine, on the Internet, etc.) (Classifier: 篇)
熱門文章／热门文章 ― rèmén wénzhāng ― popular article

發表文章／发表文章 ― fābiǎo wénzhāng ― to publish an article

我寫了一篇文章，想請您給我指點一下。 [MSC, trad.]
我写了一篇文章，想请您给我指点一下。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ xiě le yī piān wénzhāng, xiǎng qǐng nín gěi wǒ zhǐdiǎn yīxià. [Pinyin]
I wrote an article and would like to ask you to give me some advice.

這篇文章寫得多棒啊，背下來。 [MSC, trad.]
这篇文章写得多棒啊，背下来。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]
How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.

我看過你的文章，很喜歡你的文采。 [MSC, trad.]
我看过你的文章，很喜欢你的文采。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ kàn guò nǐ de wénzhāng, hěn xǐhuān nǐ de wéncǎi. [Pinyin]
I've read your article and appreciate your literary talent.
literary work; writing; text
hidden meaning; implied meaning
(Internet) message; post
(archaic, literary) pattern
- 青黃雜糅，文章爛兮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  青黄杂糅，文章烂兮。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Qīng huáng záróu, wénzhāng làn xī. [Pinyin]
  Dark-green mixed with yellow, splendid is thy pattern.
- 遂朱綠之，玄黃之，以為黼黻文章。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  遂朱绿之，玄黄之，以为黼黻文章。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Suì zhū lǜ zhī, xuán huáng zhī, yǐ wéi fǔfú wénzhāng. [Pinyin]
  They then dyed the thread red and green, azure and yellow, to make the variously coloured figures on robes.

Synonyms

(essay):

edit

作文 (zuòwén)
筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
論文／论文 (lùnwén)

(literary work):

edit

冊／册 (cè) (as a classifier, or Classical Chinese)
冊子／册子 (cèzi)
卷 (juàn)
圖書／图书 (túshū) (as a collective term)
撰述 (zhuànshù) (formal)
文曲 (wénqǔ) (Classical Chinese)
書／书 (shū)
書冊／书册 (shūcè) (dated or Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien)
書卷／书卷 (shūjuàn)
書本／书本 (shūběn) (as a collective term)
書籍／书籍 (shūjí) (as a collective term)
本 (běn) (as a classifier)
本子 (běnzi)
本本 (běnběn) (informal, diminutive)
版籍 (bǎnjí) (literary)
簿 (bù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
簿仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
籍 (jí) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
經籍／经籍 (jīngjí)
著 (zhù) (used in compounds, or Classical Chinese)
著作 (zhùzuò)
藝文／艺文 (yìwén)

(message; post): 帖子 (tiězi)

Derived terms

做文章 (zuò wénzhāng)
大有文章 (dàyǒuwénzhāng)
官樣文章／官样文章 (guānyàngwénzhāng)
表面文章 (biǎomiànwénzhāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (文章):

→ Japanese: 文章(ぶんしょう) (bunshō)
→ Korean: 문장(文章) (munjang)
→ Vietnamese: văn chương (文章)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
文	章
ぶん Grade: 1	しょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぶんしょー [búꜜǹshòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Noun

文(ぶん)章(しょう) • (bunshō) ^{←ぶんしやう (bunsyau)^?}

Synonyms

(writing): 文書(ぶんしょ) (bunsho)

Derived terms

文章家: a writer, an essayist
文章語: literary (i.e. written) language

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
文	章
ふみ Grade: 1	あき Grade: 3

文(ふみ)章(あき) • (Fumiaki)

a male given name

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
文	章

Noun

文章 • (munjang) (hangeul 문장)

hanja form^? of 문장 (“(grammar) sentence”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
文	章

Noun

文章

chữ Hán form of văn chương (“literature”).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]