拘

拘 U 62D8, 拘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D8 ← 拗 [U 62D7] CJK Unified Ideographs 拙 → [U 62D9]

Translingual

Han character

拘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手 5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手心口 (QPR), four-corner 5702₀, composition ⿰扌句)

Derived characters

• 㐝 𢛑 𭕣

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 426, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11963
• Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1856, character 1
• Unihan data for U 62D8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拘
alternative forms		佝 抅 𢳉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拘
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
勾	*koː, *koːs
鉤	*koː
鴝	*koː, *ɡo
句	*koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠	*koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸	*koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥	*koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗	*koːʔ
苟	*koːʔ
岣	*koːʔ, *ko
笱	*koːʔ
玽	*koːʔ
耇	*koːʔ
豿	*koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂	*koːʔ
怐	*koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊	*koːs
竘	*kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁	*qʰoː
呴	*qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼	*qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞	*qʰoːs
訽	*qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝	*qʰoːs
拘	*ko
駒	*ko
眗	*ko
跔	*ko
鮈	*ko
痀	*ko
蒟	*koʔ, *kos
絇	*kos, *ɡo
邭	*kos
劬	*ɡo
朐	*ɡo
鼩	*ɡo
斪	*ɡo
翑	*ɡo
葋	*ɡo
姁	*ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨	*qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣	*qʰoʔ
煦	*qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫	*qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ko) : semantic 扌 phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jū (ju¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): keoi¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kui¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): jy¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): gî

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): jy¹
• Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ku / khu / khi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ku¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
    • Wade–Giles: chü¹
    • Yale: jyū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ju¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: keoi¹
    • Yale: kēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kui¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: gî
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /gi²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)
    • Wiktionary: jy¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
    • Tâi-lô: ku
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ku³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu
    • Tâi-lô: khu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qw
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi
    • Tâi-lô: khi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ku¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciu
    • MiniDict: ciu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jy
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕy⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 拘
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩ʷ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕy¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕy³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕy⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕy³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕy¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕy³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/ki⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰøy⁵³/
	Nanning	/kʰy⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kʰøy⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ku⁵⁵/ /kʰu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ky⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ky⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰu³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ki²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kju

Rime
Character	拘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉朱切
Baxter	kju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/kio/
Shao Rongfen	/kio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuə̆/
Li Rong	/kio/
Wang Li	/kĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ko/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拘
Reading #	1/1
No.	7093
Phonetic component	句
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拘
Old Chinese	/*ko/

Definitions

拘

1. to arrest; to detain

   拘留  ―  jūliú  ―  to detain

2. to restrain; to restrict; to constrain

   拘束  ―  jūshù  ―  to constrain

   拘謹／拘谨  ―  jūjǐn  ―  overcautious

3. to be inflexible

   拘泥  ―  jūní  ―  to rigidly adhere to

4. to limit

   不拘一格  ―  bùjūyīgé  ―  not limited to one type or style

5. (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to be concerned about; to mind; to worry
6. ^† to stop; to prevent
7. ^† cramp; spasm
8. ^† beat; meter

Compounds

• 不拘 (bùjū)
• 不拘一格 (bùjūyīgé)
• 不拘小節／不拘小节 (bùjūxiǎojié)
• 不拘細行／不拘细行
• 執拘／执拘
• 急張拘諸／急张拘诸
• 拘介
• 拘俗守常
• 拘倦
• 拘儒
• 拘兒／拘儿
• 拘刷
• 拘囿
• 拘執／拘执 (jūzhí)
• 拘守
• 拘局
• 拘役 (jūyì)
• 拘忌 (jūjì)
• 拘急
• 拘扣
• 拘押 (jūyā)
• 拘拘
• 拘拘儒儒
• 拘拘束束
• 拘拘縮縮／拘拘缩缩
• 拘拿 (jūná)
• 拘捕 (jūbǔ)
• 拘提
• 拘攣／拘挛
• 拘攣兒／拘挛儿
• 拘攣補衲／拘挛补衲
• 拘收
• 拘文牽俗／拘文牵俗
• 拘束 (jūshù)
• 拘板
• 拘檢／拘检
• 拘泥 (jūnì)
• 拘牽／拘牵
• 拘留 (jūliú)
• 拘留所 (jūliúsuǒ)
• 拘礙／拘碍
• 拘神遣將／拘神遣将
• 拘票
• 拘禁 (jūjìn)
• 拘禮／拘礼 (jūlǐ)
• 拘管
• 拘絆／拘绊
• 拘緊／拘紧
• 拘繫／拘系
• 拘謹／拘谨 (jūjǐn)
• 拘鉗／拘钳
• 拘限 (jūxiàn)
• 拘頭／拘头
• 放縱不拘／放纵不拘
• 無拘無束／无拘无束 (wújūwúshù)
• 無束無拘／无束无拘
• 疏宕不拘
• 病不拘禮／病不拘礼
• 禮俗所拘／礼俗所拘
• 老不拘禮／老不拘礼
• 行拘 (xíngjū)
• 通脫不拘／通脱不拘
• 隔山拘火

 

References

• “拘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

拘

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: く (ku)、こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: かかわる (kakawaru, 拘わる)、こだわる (kodawaru, 拘る)、とどめる (todomeru, 拘める)、とらえる (toraeru, 拘える)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ku]
• Phonetic hangul: [구]

Hanja

Wikisource

拘 (eumhun 잡을 구 (jabeul gu))

1. hanja form^? of 구 (“restrain, seize, detain”)

Vietnamese

Han character

拘: Hán Nôm readings: câu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.