憂慮

See also: 忧虑

Chinese

		worried	anxiety
trad. (憂慮)		憂	慮
simp. (忧虑)		忧	虑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōulǜ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄌㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ leoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù-li
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iu-lū / iu-līr / iu-lī

(Teochew, Peng'im): iu¹ le⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōulǜ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄌㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: youlyù
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹-lü⁴
  - Yale: yōu-lyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouliuh
  - Palladius: юлюй (juljuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ly⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau¹ leoi⁶
  - Yale: yāu leuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ loey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ lêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ lɵy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-li
  - Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˇ li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu² li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹ li⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-li
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˇ li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu² li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹ li⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-lū
  - Tâi-lô: iu-lū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iulu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² lu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ lu³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-līr
  - Tâi-lô: iu-līr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ lɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-lī
  - Tâi-lô: iu-lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iuli
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² li²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iu¹ le⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iu lṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu³³⁻²³ lɯ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'juw ljoH

Rime
Character	憂	慮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於求切	良倨切
Baxter	'juw	ljoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨu/	/lɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiu/	/liɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiəu/	/liɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuw/	/lɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiu/	/liɔ^H/
Wang Li	/ĭəu/	/lĭo^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ə̯u/	/li̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu	lǜ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹	leoi⁶

Verb

憂慮

to worry; to be anxious; to be concerned; to be apprehensive

Synonyms

edit

急 (jí)
怕
急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
恐怕 (kǒngpà)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
愁 (chóu)
憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)
懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
揪心 (jiūxīn)
提心 (tíxīn)
擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
犯愁 (fànchóu)
疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
發急／发急 (fājí)
發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
發極／发极 (⁷faq ⁸jiq) (Wu)
著急／着急 (zháojí)
起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
顧慮／顾虑 (gùlǜ)

Antonyms

放心 (fàngxīn)

Derived terms

憂慮症／忧虑症

Japanese

Kanji in this term
憂	慮
ゆう Grade: S	りょ Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

憂(ゆう)慮(りょ) • (yūryo)

anxiety; apprehension; concern

Verb

憂(ゆう)慮(りょ)する • (yūryo suru) suru (stem 憂(ゆう)慮(りょ)し (yūryo shi), past 憂(ゆう)慮(りょ)した (yūryo shita))

to be anxious; to be concerned; to be apprehensive

Conjugation

Conjugation of "憂慮する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	憂慮し	ゆうりょし	yūryo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	憂慮し	ゆうりょし	yūryo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	憂慮する	ゆうりょする	yūryo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	憂慮する	ゆうりょする	yūryo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	憂慮すれ	ゆうりょすれ	yūryo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	憂慮せよ¹ 憂慮しろ²	ゆうりょせよ¹ ゆうりょしろ²	yūryo seyo¹ yūryo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	憂慮される	ゆうりょされる	yūryo sareru
Causative	憂慮させる憂慮さす	ゆうりょさせるゆうりょさす	yūryo saseru yūryo sasu
Potential	憂慮できる	ゆうりょできる	yūryo dekiru
Volitional	憂慮しよう	ゆうりょしよう	yūryo shiyō
Negative	憂慮しない	ゆうりょしない	yūryo shinai
Negative continuative	憂慮せず	ゆうりょせず	yūryo sezu
Formal	憂慮します	ゆうりょします	yūryo shimasu
Perfective	憂慮した	ゆうりょした	yūryo shita
Conjunctive	憂慮して	ゆうりょして	yūryo shite
Hypothetical conditional	憂慮すれば	ゆうりょすれば	yūryo sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative