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Translingual
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Han character
edit很 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳 6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹人日女 (HOAV), four-corner 27232, composition ⿰彳艮)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 366, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10093
- Dae Jaweon: page 687, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 822, character 1
- Unihan data for U 5F88
Chinese
edit| simp. and trad. |
很 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
edit| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːnʔ) : semantic 彳 phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Etymology
edit“Cruel (~ 狠); to disobey; to defy” > “very; quite” (since Yuan dynasty). Compare 蠻／蛮 (mán).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): han2
- Gan (Wiktionary): hen3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): heng2
- Northern Min (KCR): hǎing
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5hen; 1hen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): he3 / hen3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hěn
- Wade–Giles: hên3
- Yale: hěn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heen
- Palladius: хэнь (xɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xən²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хын (hɨn, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xəŋ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: han2
- Yale: hán
- Cantonese Pinyin: han2
- Guangdong Romanization: hen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: hen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɛn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn
- Hakka Romanization System: hanˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: han2
- Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)
- Wiktionary: heng2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xə̃ŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: he3 / hen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤ̞⁴¹/, /xən⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
Note: he3 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: honX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːnʔ/
Definitions
edit很
- very; rather; quite
- (Mandarin, especially before monosyllabic adjectives) (no meaning, see usage note)
- (obsolete, original senses)
- to disobey; to defy; to be querulous
- 見過不更，聞諫愈甚，謂之很。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Jiàn guò bù gèng, wén jiàn yù shèn, wèi zhī hěn. [Pinyin]
- To see one's errors and not improve, to hear words of advice and become ever more extreme: this is called being querulous.
见过不更，闻谏愈甚，谓之很。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- struggle; dispute; lawsuit
- 臨財毋苟得，臨難毋苟免。很毋求勝，分毋求多。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Lín cái wú gǒu dé, lín nán wú gǒu miǎn. Hěn wú qiú shèng, fēn wú qiú duō. [Pinyin]
- When faced with wealth, do not obtain it improperly; when faced with hardship, do not escape it improperly. As for disputes, do not seek victory; as for your share, do not seek too much.
临财毋苟得，临难毋苟免。很毋求胜，分毋求多。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 從耳目之欲，以為父母戮，四不孝也；好勇鬥很，以危父母，五不孝也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Cóng ěrmù zhī yù, yǐwéi fùmǔ lù, sì bùxiào yě; hǎo yǒng dòuhěn, yǐ wēi fùmǔ, wǔ bùxiào yě. [Pinyin]
- To follow sensual desires and cause shame for one's parents is the fourth case of filial impiety; to love recklessness and fighting and thereby imperil one's parents is the fifth case of filial impiety.
从耳目之欲，以为父母戮，四不孝也；好勇斗很，以危父母，五不孝也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to try to one's utmost
- to disobey; to defy; to be querulous
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 狠 (hěn, “cruel; savage; inhumane”).
Usage notes
edit- Mandarin speakers have a strong tendency to avoid monosyllabic terms. In order to satisfy this restriction, 很 is added before monosyllabic adjectives without any actual meaning. Similarly, Chinese people with monosyllabic first names will usually be addressed by their full name, even by their parents.
- Such usage of 很 is not uncommon before other adjectives as well, to the point where forming a sentence without 很 may be perceived as very unnatural. Additionally, using an adjective as a predicate without 很 might carry notions of a comparative statement, e.g. '我好' could be interpreted as 'I am good [unlike some other person that was mentioned]'.
Synonyms
edit- (very):
- 不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
- 十分 (shífēn)
- 危險／危险 (Wu)
- 壞／坏 (huài)
- 孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 極其／极其 (jíqí)
- 極度／极度 (jídù)
- 極為／极为 (jíwéi)
- 極端／极端 (jíduān)
- 滾／滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 異常／异常 (yìcháng)
- 老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
- 良
- 超 (chāo)
- 非常 (fēicháng)
- 頗／颇 (pō) (literary)
- 頗為／颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
See also
edit- 太 (tài)
Compounds
editJapanese
editKanji
edit很
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
editKorean
editHanja
edit很 (eumhun 패려궂을 흔 (paeryeogujeul heun))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit很: Hán Nôm readings: ngận, hẩn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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