幸福

Chinese

		fortunate; lucky	good fortune; happiness; luck good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname
simp. and trad. (幸福)		幸	福

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幸福

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xìngfú

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁶ fuk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hen-fuk
Eastern Min (BUC): hâing-hók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hēng-hok / hěng-hok

(Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁶ hog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yin-foq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xìngfú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sìngfú
  - Wade–Giles: hsing⁴-fu²
  - Yale: syìng-fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqfwu
  - Palladius: синфу (sinfu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hang⁶ fuk¹
  - Yale: hahng fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁶ fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng⁶ fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen-fuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: hen fug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hen⁴ fug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵ fuk̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing-hók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ŋouʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-hok
  - Tâi-lô: hīng-hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hexnghog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng-hok
  - Tâi-lô: hǐng-hok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hêng⁶ hog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĕng hok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yin-foq
  - MiniDict: yin^去 foh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhin-foq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: heangX pjuwk

Rime
Character	幸	福
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	胡耿切	方六切
Baxter	heangX	pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋ^X/	/pɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋ^X/	/piuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋ^X/	/piuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋ^X/	/puwk̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋ^X/	/piuk̚/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋ^X/	/pĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣæŋ^X/	/pi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang⁶	fuk¹

Adjective

幸福

(of one's life, circumstances, etc.) blessed and satisfactory; consummate; joyful; (of a person) living a blessed and contented life
祝你幸福。 ― Zhù nǐ xìngfú. ― Wish you happiness.

幸福的家庭 ― xìngfú de jiātíng ― happy family

幸福的童年 ― xìngfú de tóngnián ― happy childhood

幸福的婚姻 ― xìngfú de hūnyīn ― happy marriage

從此過著幸福快樂的日子 [MSC, trad.]
从此过着幸福快乐的日子 [MSC, simp.]
cóngcǐ guòzhe xìngfú kuàilè de rìzi [Pinyin]
to live happily ever after

單身也可以很幸福。 [MSC, trad.]
单身也可以很幸福。 [MSC, simp.]
Dānshēn yě kěyǐ hěn xìngfú. [Pinyin]
A single life can also be a happy one.

我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
We all long for a happy life.

Usage notes

The meaning of this word is difficult to render accurately in English. It is typically glossed as “happy; happiness” in dictionaries, however, a sharp distinction between 幸福 and some of the other words for “happy” is made in Chinese.

Xingfu typically refers to a state of long-term happiness with one's life, and implies having a loving family, spouse, or a sense of general well-being. This is in contrast to words such as 開心／开心 (kāixīn) and 快樂／快乐 (kuàilè), which refer to a state of fleeting happiness, or a relatively short elevation in mood that comes with certain news, event, activity, etc.

Derived terms

Noun

幸福

sense of contentment stemming from having a blessed and fulfilled life; blissful life or living circumstances; happiness
曬幸福／晒幸福 ― shài xìngfú ― to show off one's moments of happiness (on social media)

婚姻幸福 ― hūnyīn xìngfú ― to have a happy marriage

追求幸福 ― zhuīqiú xìngfú ― to pursue happiness

創造幸福／创造幸福 ― chuàngzào xìngfú ― to create happiness in life

一點一滴的幸福／一点一滴的幸福 ― yīdiǎnyīdī de xìngfú ― every little bits of happiness in life

沒有成功，哪來的幸福？ [MSC, trad.]
没有成功，哪来的幸福？ [MSC, simp.]
Méiyǒu chénggōng, nǎ lái de xìngfú? [Pinyin]
How can one be happy without success?

Synonyms

(literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

Derived terms

性福 (xìngfú)
終極幸福／终极幸福 (zhōngjí xìngfú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (幸福):

→ Japanese: 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku)
→ Korean: 행복(幸福) (haengbok)
→ Vietnamese: hạnh phúc (幸福)

Others:

→ Bouyei: xinqfuf

Proper noun

幸福

(～里) An urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei, Taiwan

Japanese

Kanji in this term
幸	福
こう Grade: 3	ふく Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
幸福 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーふく [kòófúkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]
Audio: (file)

Adjective

幸(こう)福(ふく) • (kōfuku) ^{←かうふく (kaufuku)^?}-na (adnominal 幸(こう)福(ふく)な (kōfuku na), adverbial 幸(こう)福(ふく)に (kōfuku ni))

happy

Inflection

Inflection of 幸福

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	幸福だろ	こうふくだろ	kōfuku daro
Continuative (連用形)	幸福で	こうふくで	kōfuku de
Terminal (終止形)	幸福だ	こうふくだ	kōfuku da
Attributive (連体形)	幸福な	こうふくな	kōfuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	幸福なら	こうふくなら	kōfuku nara
Imperative (命令形)	幸福であれ	こうふくであれ	kōfuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	幸福ではない幸福じゃない	こうふくではないこうふくじゃない	kōfuku de wa nai kōfuku ja nai
Informal past	幸福だった	こうふくだった	kōfuku datta
Informal negative past	幸福ではなかった幸福じゃなかった	こうふくではなかったこうふくじゃなかった	kōfuku de wa nakatta kōfuku ja nakatta
Formal	幸福です	こうふくです	kōfuku desu
Formal negative	幸福ではありません幸福じゃありません	こうふくではありませんこうふくじゃありません	kōfuku de wa arimasen kōfuku ja arimasen
Formal past	幸福でした	こうふくでした	kōfuku deshita
Formal negative past	幸福ではありませんでした幸福じゃありませんでした	こうふくではありませんでしたこうふくじゃありませんでした	kōfuku de wa arimasen deshita kōfuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	幸福で	こうふくで	kōfuku de
Conditional	幸福なら（ば）	こうふくなら（ば）	kōfuku nara (ba)
Provisional	幸福だったら	こうふくだったら	kōfuku dattara
Volitional	幸福だろう	こうふくだろう	kōfuku darō
Adverbial	幸福に	こうふくに	kōfuku ni
Degree	幸福さ	こうふくさ	kōfukusa

Classical conjugation of "幸福なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	幸福なら	かうふくなら	kaufukunara
Continuative (連用形)	幸福に^[1] 幸福なり^[2]	かうふくにかうふくなり	kaufukuni kaufukunari
Terminal (終止形)	幸福なり	かうふくなり	kaufukunari
Attributive (連体形)	幸福なる	かうふくなる	kaufukunaru
Realis (已然形)	幸福なれ	かうふくなれ	kaufukunare
Imperative (命令形)	幸福なれ	かうふくなれ	kaufukunare
Key constructions
Negative	幸福ならず	かうふくならず	kaufukunarazu
Contrasting conjunction	幸福なれど	かうふくなれど	kaufukunaredo
Causal conjunction	幸福なれば	かうふくなれば	kaufukunareba
Conditional conjunction	幸福ならば	かうふくならば	kaufukunaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	幸福なりき	かうふくなりき	kaufukunariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	幸福なりけり	かうふくなりけり	kaufukunarikeri
Adverbial	幸福に	かうふくに	kaufukuni
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Synonyms

幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase)

Noun

幸(こう)福(ふく) • (kōfuku) ^{←かうふく (kaufuku)^?}

happiness

Synonyms

幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase)

Derived terms

幸福感(こうふくかん) (kōfukukan): feeling of happiness

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
幸	福

Noun

幸福 • (haengbok) (hangeul 행복)

hanja form^? of 행복 (“happiness”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
幸	福

Noun

幸福

chữ Hán form of hạnh phúc (“happiness”).

Adjective

幸福

chữ Hán form of hạnh phúc (“happy”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

幸福

Contents

Chinese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Derived terms

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Proper noun

See also

Japanese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Synonyms

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun

Adjective