平常

Chinese

		flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful	always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
simp. and trad. (平常)		平	常
anagram		常平

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): píngcháng

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴ soeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phìn-sòng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pêng-siông / pêng-siâng / pîⁿ-siûⁿ
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bin-zan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: píngcháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: píngcháng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻing²-chʻang²
  - Yale: píng-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngcharng
  - Palladius: пинчан (pinčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ping⁴ soeng⁴
  - Yale: pìhng sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn-sòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: pin^ˇ song^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pin² song²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹ soŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-siông
  - Tâi-lô: pîng-siông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pengsioong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-siâng
  - Tâi-lô: pîng-siâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pengsiaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ-siûⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: pînn-siûnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvisviuu
  - IPA (Taipei): /pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶bin-zan
  - MiniDict: bin^去 zan
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bin-zan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bin²² zã⁴⁴/

Adjective

平常

ordinary; common; usual; not rare; unexceptional
(euphemistic) so-so; average

Synonyms

(ordinary):

edit

一般 (yībān)
一般子 (i⁶ ban¹ zr) (Xiang)
俗 (Xiamen Hokkien)
凡庸 (fányōng)
尋常／寻常 (xúncháng)
對頭／对头 (chiefly in the negative)
平凡 (píngfán)
平庸 (píngyōng)
平板 (píngbǎn)
平淡 (píngdàn)
普通 (pǔtōng)
正常 (zhèngcháng)
泛泛 (fànfàn)
簡單／简单 (jiǎndān)
通常 (tōngcháng)

(so-so):

edit

一般 (yībān)
不大離／不大离 (bùdàlí) (regional)
勉強／勉强
巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
湊合／凑合 (colloquial)
說得過去／说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)
過得去／过得去 (guòdeqù)
還可以／还可以 (háikěyǐ)
還好／还好 (háihǎo)
馬馬虎虎／马马虎虎 (mǎmǎhūhū)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 奇特 (qítè), 特別／特别 (tèbié), 特殊 (tèshū)

Derived terms

平常人 (píngchángrén)
平常人家
平常心 (píngchángxīn)
稀鬆平常／稀松平常

Adverb

平常

ordinarily; usually; generally

Synonyms

edit

一般 (yībān)
常時／常时 (chángshí)
平常時／平常时 (Hokkien)
平日 (píngrì) (literary)
平時／平时 (píngshí)
平素 (píngsù) (literary)
素常 (sùcháng) (literary)
素常時／素常时 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
素日 (sùrì) (literary)
通常 (tōngcháng)
閒常／闲常 (xiáncháng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (平常):

→ Japanese: 平常(へいじょう) (heijō)
→ Korean: 평상(平常) (pyeongsang)
→ Vietnamese: bình thường (平常)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
平	常
へい Grade: 3	じょう Grade: 5
goon	kan'on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 平常 (MC bjien|bjaeng dzyang). First appears in the 818 CE poetry compilation 文華秀麗集 (Bunka Shūrei Shū, literally “Collection of Beautiful Splendid Writing”).^[1]

The mixed reading with goon for the first character and kan'on for the second character suggests a shift in the reading after initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) へーじょー [hèéjóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [he̞ːʑo̞ː]

Adjective

平(へい)常(じょう) • (heijō) ^{←へいじやう (feizyau)^?}-na (adnominal 平(へい)常(じょう)な (heijō na), adverbial 平(へい)常(じょう)に (heijō ni))

common, ordinary, usual
Synonyms: 通常 (tsūjō), 普通 (futsū)

Antonyms: 特殊 (tokushu), 特別 (tokubetsu)
normal, not emergency
Synonym: 正常 (seijō)

Antonyms: 異常 (ijō), 非常 (hijō)

Inflection

Inflection of 平常

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	平常だろ	へいじょうだろ	heijō daro
Continuative (連用形)	平常で	へいじょうで	heijō de
Terminal (終止形)	平常だ	へいじょうだ	heijō da
Attributive (連体形)	平常な	へいじょうな	heijō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	平常なら	へいじょうなら	heijō nara
Imperative (命令形)	平常であれ	へいじょうであれ	heijō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	平常ではない平常じゃない	へいじょうではないへいじょうじゃない	heijō de wa nai heijō ja nai
Informal past	平常だった	へいじょうだった	heijō datta
Informal negative past	平常ではなかった平常じゃなかった	へいじょうではなかったへいじょうじゃなかった	heijō de wa nakatta heijō ja nakatta
Formal	平常です	へいじょうです	heijō desu
Formal negative	平常ではありません平常じゃありません	へいじょうではありませんへいじょうじゃありません	heijō de wa arimasen heijō ja arimasen
Formal past	平常でした	へいじょうでした	heijō deshita
Formal negative past	平常ではありませんでした平常じゃありませんでした	へいじょうではありませんでしたへいじょうじゃありませんでした	heijō de wa arimasen deshita heijō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	平常で	へいじょうで	heijō de
Conditional	平常なら（ば）	へいじょうなら（ば）	heijō nara (ba)
Provisional	平常だったら	へいじょうだったら	heijō dattara
Volitional	平常だろう	へいじょうだろう	heijō darō
Adverbial	平常に	へいじょうに	heijō ni
Degree	平常さ	へいじょうさ	heijōsa

Noun

平(へい)常(じょう) • (heijō) ^{←へいじやう (feizyau)^?}

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
平	常

Adjective

平常

chữ Hán form of bình thường (“normal; ordinary; usual”).

Adverb

平常

chữ Hán form of bình thường (“normally; usually”).

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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