孫

Translingual

Han character

孫 (Kangxi radical 39, 子 7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女火 (NDHVF), four-corner 1249₃, composition ⿰子系)

Derived characters

搎, 猻, 遜, 蓀, 愻

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6987
Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1016, character 5
Unihan data for U 5B6B

Chinese

trad.		孫
simp.		孙
alternative forms		𡤾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (孫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
孫	*suːn
猻	*suːn
蓀	*suːn
搎	*suːn
遜	*suːns
愻	*suːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 子 (“son”) 系 (“continue”).

Wikipedia has articles on:

孫 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
孫 (Cantonese)
sun (Southern Min)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sju(w)-n (“grandchild”) (STEDT). Cognate with Bodo (India) sou (“grandchild”), Jingpho shu (“grandchild”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sūn (sun¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sûn

(Hailu, HRS): sun^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sun¹
Jin (Wiktionary): sung¹
Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng¹ / song¹ / suong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sun / sng / suiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): sung¹ / seng¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sen
Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): sun¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sun
  - Wade–Giles: sun¹
  - Yale: swūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suen
  - Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: syun¹
  - Yale: syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬun³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sun^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /sun⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sun⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)
  - Wiktionary: sung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sũŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: song¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: suong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoŋ⁵³³/

Note:

seng1 - vernacular;
song1/suong1 - literary (incl. surname).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sun
  - Tâi-lô: sun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: swn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sun³³/
- (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, dated in Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁴⁴/

Note:

sng/suiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
sun - literary (all senses, including surname, except in Zhangzhou).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sung¹ / seng¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sung / sṳng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ³³/, /sɯŋ³³/

Note:

seng1 - surname;
sung1 - other senses.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹sen
  - MiniDict: sen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
Xiang
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: sun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən⁴⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 孫
Mandarin	Beijing	/suən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/suən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/suən²¹/
	Jinan	/suẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/suə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/suən²⁴/
	Xi'an	/suẽ²¹/
	Xining	/suə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/sũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən⁵⁵/ /suən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/suə̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/sun³¹/
	Hefei	/sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/suŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/sũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/səŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷen³³/
	Wenzhou	/sø³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/suːə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sun⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sun⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sun²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/syn⁵³/
	Nanning	/ɬyn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/syn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sun⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/souŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/suŋ³³/ /sɯŋ³³/ 姓
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sun²³/ /tun²³/

Middle Chinese: swon

Rime
Character	孫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	思渾切
Baxter	swon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suən/
Pan Wuyun	/suon/
Shao Rongfen	/suən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swən/
Li Rong	/suən/
Wang Li	/suən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/suən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤu[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*suːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sūn
Middle Chinese	‹ swon ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁu[n]/
English	grandchild; descendant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孫
Reading #	1/1
No.	12178
Phonetic component	孫
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	孫
Old Chinese	/*suːn/

Definitions

孫

grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
(literary or dialectal) grandson (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
(chiefly Min) fraternal nephew
descendant
a surname, listed third in the Baijiaxing
孫中山／孙中山 ― Sūn Zhōngshān ― Sun Yat-sen (provisionally served as the first president of the Republic of China)
A respelling of the English patronymic son
魯濱孫／鲁滨孙 ― Lǔbīn Sūn ― Robinson

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 孫子 (“grandson (son's son)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孫, 孫兒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孫子, 內孫
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	孫子, 孫夥計
	Taiwan	孫子
	Harbin	孫子
	Singapore	孫, 孫子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	孫子兒, 孫子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	孫子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	孫子, 孫兒
	Wanrong	裡甥子, 孫子
	Zhengzhou	孫兒
	Xi'an	孫子
	Xining	孫娃子
	Xuzhou	孫子, 孫兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	孫子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	孫子
	Lanzhou	孫娃子, 男孫子
	Ürümqi	孫子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	孫兒, 家孫兒
	Wuhan	孫子, 孫娃子 young, dated
	Guiyang	孫孫
	Kunming	孫子
	Guilin	孫子
	Liuzhou	孫子, 孫崽, 孫
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	孫子
	Yangzhou	孫子
	Nantong	孫子, 孫兒
	Hefei	孫子
	Huanggang	孫兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	孫, 孫仔
	Hong Kong	孫, 孫仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	孫
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	孫
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	孫仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	孫仔
	Macau	孫
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	孫
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	孫
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	孫
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	孫
	Foshan	孫
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	孫
	Foshan (Shunde)	孫
	Foshan (Sanshui)	孫
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	孫
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	孫
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	孫
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	孫
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	孫
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	孫
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	孫
	Taishan	孫
	Kaiping (Chikan)	孫
	Enping (Niujiang)	孫
	Heshan (Yayao)	孫
	Dongguan	孫
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	孫
	Shaoguan	孫
	Yunfu	孫
	Yangjiang	孫
	Xinyi	孫
	Lianjiang	孫
	Nanning	孫, 孫仔
	Wuzhou	孫, 孫仔
	Yulin	孫
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	孫
	Danzhou	兒孫
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	孫仔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	孫, 孫仔
Gan	Nanchang	孫子
	Lichuan	孫崽
	Pingxiang	孫, 孫子
Hakka	Meixian	孫仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿孫, 孫
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	阿孫
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	阿孫
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	阿孫
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	孫仔
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	孫
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	孫
	Boluo (Bendihua)	男孫
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	孫仔
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	孫仔, 孫子
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	孫子
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	孫子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	孫哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	孫哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	孫哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	孫哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿孫
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	孫
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	孫
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	孫
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	阿孫
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	孫
	Wengyuan	孫子
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	阿孫
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	孫
	Liannan	孫子
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	孫仔
	Jiexi	阿孫
	Luhe	孫仔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	阿孫
	Changting	孫哩
	Wuping (Yanqian)	孫子
	Ninghua	孫哩
	Yudu	孫子, 孫
	Ningdu	孫子
	Shicheng	孫子
	Shangyou (Shexi)	孫子
	Tonggu (Sandu)	孫子
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	孫子
	Dayu	孫哩
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	孫仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	孫仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	孫仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	孫
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	孫仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	孫
	Hong Kong	孫仔
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	孫子
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	孫仔
	Xinyi (Sihe)	孫
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	孫
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	孫
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	孫
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	孫子
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	孫子
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	孫, 阿孫
	Mengshan (Xihe)	孫
	Luchuan	孫
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	孫子
	Sabah (Longchuan)	孫仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	孫仔
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	孫
	Singkawang	孫
Huizhou	Jixi	孫子
Jin	Taiyuan	孫子
	Pingyao	孫子
	Xinzhou	孫子
	Hohhot	孫子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	孫仔
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	孫仔
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	孫
	Jianyang	孫仔
	Wuyishan	孫仔
	Pucheng (Shibei)	孫仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	孫, 孫囝, 丈夫孫
	Fuzhou (Changle)	孫
	Fuqing	孫, 孫囝
	Yongtai	孫囝
	Gutian	孫
	Fu'an	孫
	Ningde	孫
	Shouning	孫囝
	Zhouning	孫
	Fuding	孫囝
	Matsu	孫
Southern Min	Xiamen	孫, 孫仔
	Quanzhou	孫, 孫仔
	Yongchun	丈夫孫
	Zhangzhou	孫
	Dongshan	孫仔
	Taipei	孫
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	孫仔
	Kaohsiung	孫
	Yilan	孫
	Changhua (Lukang)	孫
	Taichung	孫
	Tainan	孫, 孫仔
	Hsinchu	孫
	Kinmen	孫
	Penghu (Magong)	孫
	Penang (Hokkien)	孫
	Singapore (Hokkien)	孫, 丈夫孫
	Manila (Hokkien)	孫, 孫仔, 內孫
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	孫仔
	Datian	孫
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	孫
	Chaozhou	孫
	Jieyang	孫, 孫囝
	Haifeng	孫仔
	Bangkok (Teochew)	孫, 內孫
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	孫囝
	Singapore (Teochew)	孫, 孫囝
	Leizhou	孫
	Wenchang	孫, 公爹孫, 丈夫孫
	Haikou	孫, 孫囝 young
	Singapore (Hainanese)	孫
Puxian Min	Putian	孫
Puxian Min	Xianyou	內頭孫
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	孫, 孫崽
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	孫子
Shehua	Fu'an	孫
	Fuding	孫
	Luoyuan	孫
	Sanming	孫
	Shunchang	孫仔
	Hua'an	孫
	Guixi (Zhangping)	孫仔
	Cangnan	孫
	Jingning (Hexi)	孫
	Lishui	孫
	Longyou	孫
	Chaozhou	孫
	Fengshun	孫仔
Wu	Shanghai	孫子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	孫子, 孫男子
	Suzhou	孫子
	Wuxi	孫子
	Danyang	孫子
	Hangzhou	孫子
	Ningbo	孫子
	Wenzhou	孫兒, 孫
	Jinhua	孫兒, 孫
Xiang	Changsha	孫崽子, 孫崽, 孫伢子, 孫子
	Loudi	孫
	Shuangfeng	孫
	Hengyang	孫
	Quanzhou	孫崽

Dialectal synonyms of 姪子 (“fraternal nephew (brother's son)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		姪子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	姪兒, 姪子
	Taiwan	姪子, 姪兒
	Chengde	姪子, 姪兒
	Chifeng	姪子, 姪兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	姪子, 姪兒
	Heihe	姪子, 姪兒
	Qiqihar	姪兒
	Harbin	姪兒, 姪子
	Jiamusi	姪子, 姪兒
	Baicheng	姪兒
	Changchun	姪兒
	Tonghua	姪兒
	Shenyang	姪兒
	Jinzhou	姪子, 姪兒
	Singapore	姪兒
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	姪子, 姪兒
	Tangshan	姪子, 姪兒
	Cangzhou	姪子, 姪兒
	Baoding	姪兒
	Shijiazhuang	姪兒
	Lijin	姪兒
	Jinan	姪子, 姪兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	姪兒
	Dandong	姪子, 姪兒
	Yantai	姪兒
	Yantai (Muping)	姪兒
	Qingdao	姪兒
	Zhucheng	姪兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	姪子
	Lingbao	姪兒
	Jining	姪兒
	Wanrong	姪兒
	Linfen	姪兒
	Shangqiu	姪子, 姪兒
	Yuanyang	姪子, 姪兒
	Zhengzhou	姪兒
	Xinyang	姪子, 姪兒
	Baihe	姪子, 姪兒
	Xi'an	姪子, 姪兒
	Baoji	姪兒
	Tianshui	姪
	Xining	姪兒, 姪兒子
	Xuzhou	姪兒, 姪子
	Fuyang	姪子, 姪
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	姪兒子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	姪兒, 姪兒子
	Bayanhot	姪兒子
	Lanzhou	姪子, 姪兒, 姪兒子
	Dunhuang	姪兒子
	Hami	姪兒子
	Ürümqi	姪兒子, 姪子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子
	Nanchong	姪子, 姪兒
	Dazhou	姪娃兒
	Hanyuan	姪兒子, 姪兒
	Xichang	姪兒子, 姪子
	Zigong	姪兒
	Chongqing	姪兒
	Wuhan	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子伢, 姪子
	Yichang	姪子, 姪兒
	Xiangyang	姪兒子, 姪子
	Tianmen	姪子, 姪兒
	Guiyang	姪兒子, 姪兒
	Zunyi	姪子, 姪兒
	Bijie	姪兒子
	Liping	姪子
	Zhaotong	姪兒子, 姪子
	Dali	姪兒子
	Kunming	姪子, 姪兒子, 姪兒
	Mengzi	姪子
	Guilin	姪崽
	Liuzhou	姪崽
	Jishou	姪兒
	Changde	姪兒
	Hanzhong	姪子, 姪兒子, 姪兒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	姪子, 姪兒
	Yangzhou	姪子
	Lianyungang	姪兒
	Lianshui	姪兒
	Nantong	姪兒
	Anqing	姪子
	Wuhu	姪子, 姪兒
	Hefei	姪兒, 姪子
	Hong'an	姪兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	姪, 姪仔
	Hong Kong	姪, 姪仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	姪
	Macau	姪子
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	姪
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	姪
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	姪
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	姪
	Foshan	姪
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	姪
	Foshan (Shunde)	姪
	Foshan (Sanshui)	姪
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	姪
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	姪子
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	姪子
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	姪
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	姪
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	姪
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	姪
	Taishan	姪仔, 姪
	Enping (Niujiang)	姪仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	姪
	Dongguan	姪
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	姪
	Yangjiang	阿姪
	Nanning	姪仔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	姪仔
Gan	Nanchang	姪子
	Lichuan	姪子, 姪崽
	Pingxiang	姪子
Hakka	Meixian	姪仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿姪
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	姪仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿姪
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	姪子
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	姪子
	Changting	姪哩
	Wuping	姪子
	Ninghua	孫哩, 姪哩
	Yudu	姪子, 老姪
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	姪仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	姪仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	姪仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	姪
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	姪仔, 姪
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	姪子, 孫仔
	Hong Kong	姪子
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	姪
	Senai (Huiyang)	姪兒
Huizhou	Jixi	姪仂
Huizhou	Shexian	姪的
Jin	Taiyuan	姪兒子
	Yangyuan	姪子, 姪兒
	Datong	姪兒
	Xinzhou	姪兒子
	Lüliang (Lishi)	姪兒
	Changzhi	姪兒
	Linhe	姪兒子
	Jining	姪兒
	Hohhot	姪兒, 姪兒子
	Erenhot	姪子, 姪兒
	Pingshan	姪兒
	Zhangjiakou	姪子
	Handan	姪兒子
	Linzhou	姪兒
	Suide	姪兒子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	孫仔
	Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping)	孫仔
	Songxi	孫仔
	Zhenghe	孫仔
	Shunchang (Yangdun)	孫仔
	Jianyang	孫仔
	Wuyishan	孫仔
	Pucheng (Shibei)	孫仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	姪, 孫
	Fuzhou (Changle)	孫
	Fuqing	孫, 姪
	Yongtai	孫囝
	Gutian	孫
	Fu'an	孫
	Ningde	孫囝
	Shouning	孫囝
	Zhouning	孫
	Fuding	孫囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	姪仔, 孫仔
	Quanzhou	孫仔
	Yongchun	孫囝
	Zhangzhou	孫仔
	Taipei	姪仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	姪仔
	Kaohsiung	姪仔, 孫仔
	Yilan	姪仔, 孫仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	姪仔, 孫仔
	Taichung	姪仔, 孫仔
	Tainan	叔孫仔, 姪仔, 孫仔
	Hsinchu	孫仔
	Kinmen	姪仔, 孫仔
	Penghu (Magong)	姪仔, 孫仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	孫仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	孫仔, 孫
	Manila (Hokkien)	姪仔
	Longyan	孫仔
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	姪仔
	Chaozhou	逗孫
	Shantou	姪
	Jieyang	逗孫
	Puning	孫
	Haifeng	姪, 孫仔
	Bangkok (Teochew)	孫, 姪
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	孫
	Leizhou	孫, 丈夫孫
	Haikou	姪子
Puxian Min	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	阿姪, 孫
Central Min	Yong'an	孫仔
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	孫兒
	Guangze	孫子
	Jiangle	孫子
	Mingxi	孫子
	Shunchang	孫子
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	姪子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	姪子
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	姪子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	姪子
Wu	Shanghai	阿姪, 姪子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	阿姪
	Suzhou	阿姪, 姪兒子
	Danyang	姪子
	Hangzhou	姪兒
	Ningbo	阿姪
	Wenzhou	阿姪
	Jinhua	姪兒
Xiang	Changsha	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子
	Loudi	姪兒子
	Shuangfeng	姪佬, 姪兒子
	Hengyang	姪兒
	Quanzhou	姪崽

Descendants

→ English: Sun, Suen, Soon
→ Tagalog: Suan (via Hokkien), Soon (via Hokkien)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xùn (xun⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seon³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sùn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
  - Wade–Giles: hsün⁴
  - Yale: syùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
  - Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: seon³
  - Yale: seun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soen³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sên³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùn
  - Tâi-lô: sùn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sun¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²¹/

Definitions

孫

(literary) Alternative form of 遜／逊 (xùn)
- 子曰：「邦有道，危言危行；邦無道，危行言孫。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「邦有道，危言危行；邦无道，危行言孙。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Bāng yǒu dào, wēiyán wēixíng; bāng wúdào, wēixíng yán xùn.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."

Japanese

Kanji

孫

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

grandchild

Readings

Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kun: まご (mago, 孫, Jōyō)
Nanori: さね (sane)、ただ (tada)、ひこ (hiko)、ひろ (hiro)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
孫
むまご Grade: 4
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

孫(むまご) • (mumago)

grandchild

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
孫
うまご Grade: 4
kun'yomi

/mumaɡo/ → /umaɡo/.

Noun

孫(うまご) • (umago)

grandchild

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
孫
まご Grade: 4
kun'yomi

/umaɡo/ → /maɡo/.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まご [màgóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [ma̠ɡo̞]

Noun

孫(まご) • (mago)

grandchild

Derived terms

孫(まご)の手(て) (mago no te)
狐(キツネ)の孫(マゴ) (kitsune no mago)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
孫
そん Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そん [sòń] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [sõ̞ɴ]

Noun

孫(そん) • (son)

(rare) descendant (usually of a certain generation)
(archaic) lineage; pedigree
(archaic) grandchild

Compounds

Korean

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

孫

Wikisource

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon). Recorded as Middle Korean 손 (swon) (Yale: swon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

孫 (eumhun 손자 손 (sonja son))

hanja form^? of 손 (“grandchild”)
hanja form^? of 손 (“a surname.”)

Compounds

손녀(孫女) (sonnyeo)
손자(孫子) (sonja)
자손(子孫) (jason)
증손(曾孫) (jeungson)
후손(後孫) (huson)
현손(玄孫) (hyeonson)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

孫: Hán Việt readings: tôn^[1]^[2]^[3], tốn^[1]
孫: Nôm readings: cháu^[4], tuôn^[3]

grandchild

References

[tchvtd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).

[tdcntd-2] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[tdcndg-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[gdhn-4] Trần (2004).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]