垣

垣 U 57A3, 垣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A3 ← 垢 [U 57A2] CJK Unified Ideographs 垤 → [U 57A4]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

垣 (Kangxi radical 32, 土 6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土一日一 (GMAM), four-corner 4111₆, composition ⿰土亘)

1. low wall

Derived characters

• 𭈲, 𭝧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5060
• Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 11
• Unihan data for U 57A3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		垣

Etymology

Borrowed from Tocharian B wänt-, Tocharian A wänt- (“to envelop, to surround”).

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垣
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
烜	*qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ
貆	*qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘	*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ
狟	*ɡoːn
絙	*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
荁	*ɡoːn
宣	*sqʰon
咺	*qʰonʔ
暅	*qʰonʔ
桓	*ɡʷaːn
洹	*ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan
揎	*sqʰʷan
愃	*sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
瑄	*sqʰʷan
渲	*sqʰʷans
喧	*qʰʷan
萱	*qʰʷan
暄	*qʰʷan
諠	*qʰʷan
翧	*qʰʷan
蝖	*qʰʷan
垣	*ɢʷan
楦	*qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 土 (“earth”) phonetic 亘 ().

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoân

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wun⁴
    • Yale: wùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
    • Tâi-lô: huân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hjwon

Rime
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷar/
English	wall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
No.	14017
Phonetic component	亘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

垣

1. wall
2. city
3. (astronomy) enclosure

Compounds

• 三垣
• 垝垣
• 城垣 (chéngyuán)
• 垣墉 (yuányōng)
• 垣牆／垣墙
• 垣衣
• 堧垣
• 女垣
• 宸垣
• 寒垣
• 屬垣／属垣
• 屬垣有耳／属垣有耳
• 張垣／张垣 (Zhāngyuán)
• 掖垣
• 敗宇頹垣／败宇颓垣
• 新垣 (xīnyuán)
• 斷井頹垣／断井颓垣
• 斷垣殘壁／断垣残壁 (duànyuáncánbì)
• 斷壁殘垣／断壁残垣 (duànbìcányuán)
• 斷壁頹垣／断壁颓垣
• 殘垣敗壁／残垣败壁
• 泥垣宮／泥垣宫
• 牆垣／墙垣 (qiángyuán)
• 省垣
• 短垣自逾
• 破屋壞垣／破屋坏垣
• 破瓦頹垣／破瓦颓垣
• 籬垣／篱垣
• 粉垣
• 補垣塞穴／补垣塞穴
• 襄垣縣／襄垣县
• 西垣
• 踰垣／逾垣
• 鑽穴踰垣／钻穴逾垣
• 陳垣／陈垣

 

Japanese

Alternative forms

• 牆(かき) (kaki)

Kanji

垣

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: おん (on)^{←をん (won, historical)}
• Kan-on: えん (en)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kun: かき (kaki, 垣, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
垣
かき Grade: S
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かき [kàkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠kʲi]

Noun

垣(かき) • (kaki) 

1. fence

See also

• 垣(かき)根(ね) (kakine)
• 柵(さく) (saku)

Vietnamese

Han character

垣: Hán Nôm readings: viên

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.