勉強
See also: 勉强
Chinese
editexhort | strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (勉強) | 勉 | 強 | |
simp. (勉强) | 勉 | 强 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): min5 koeng5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): miên-khiòng / miên-khióng
- Eastern Min (BUC): miēng-*giōng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): bián-kióng / bián-kiáng
- (Teochew, Peng'im): miêng2 giang2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mi-chian
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄑㄧㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnciǎng
- Wade–Giles: mien3-chʻiang3
- Yale: myǎn-chyǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meancheang
- Palladius: мяньцян (mjanʹcjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄑㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnciáng
- Wade–Giles: mien3-chʻiang2
- Yale: myǎn-chyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meanchyang
- Palladius: мяньцян (mjanʹcjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: min5 koeng5
- Yale: míhn kéuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: min5 koeng5
- Guangdong Romanization: min5 kêng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miːn¹³ kʰœːŋ¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miên-khiòng
- Hakka Romanization System: mienˊ kiongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mian1 kiong2
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯en²⁴ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miên-khióng
- Hakka Romanization System: mienˊ kiongˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mian1 kiong3
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯en²⁴ kʰi̯oŋ³¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miēng-*giōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mieŋ³³⁻³⁵ kyoŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-kióng
- Tâi-lô: bián-kióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: biefnkiorng
- IPA (Singapore): /biɛn⁴²⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ⁴²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-kiáng
- Tâi-lô: bián-kiáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: biefnkiarng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiaŋ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: miêng2 giang2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng kiáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mieŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kiaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
- Wu
Adjective
edit勉強
Synonyms
edit- (passable):
Adverb
edit勉強
- reluctantly; in a forced manner; grudgingly
Verb
edit勉強
Synonyms
edit- (to make do):
Descendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
勉 | 強 |
べん Grade: 3 |
きょう Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
勉強 (kyūjitai) |
Alternative forms
edit- (honorific) お勉強 (o-benkyō)
Etymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
edit勉強 • (benkyō) ←べんきやう (benkyau)?
Verb
edit勉強する • (benkyō suru) ←べんきやう (benkyau)?transitive or intransitive suru (stem 勉強し (benkyō shi), past 勉強した (benkyō shita))
- to study
- 英語を勉強する
- eigo o benkyō suru
- to study English
- 英語を勉強する
- to discount, to reduce the price of something
- 勉強させてもらいます。
- Benkyō sasete moraimasu.
- Let me discount / I'll give you a discount.
- 勉強させてもらいます。
Conjugation
editConjugation of "勉強する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 勉強し | べんきょうし | benkyō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 勉強し | べんきょうし | benkyō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 勉強する | べんきょうする | benkyō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 勉強する | べんきょうする | benkyō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 勉強すれ | べんきょうすれ | benkyō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 勉強せよ¹ 勉強しろ² |
べんきょうせよ¹ べんきょうしろ² |
benkyō seyo¹ benkyō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 勉強される | べんきょうされる | benkyō sareru | |
Causative | 勉強させる 勉強さす |
べんきょうさせる べんきょうさす |
benkyō saseru benkyō sasu | |
Potential | 勉強できる | べんきょうできる | benkyō dekiru | |
Volitional | 勉強しよう | べんきょうしよう | benkyō shiyō | |
Negative | 勉強しない | べんきょうしない | benkyō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 勉強せず | べんきょうせず | benkyō sezu | |
Formal | 勉強します | べんきょうします | benkyō shimasu | |
Perfective | 勉強した | べんきょうした | benkyō shita | |
Conjunctive | 勉強して | べんきょうして | benkyō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 勉強すれば | べんきょうすれば | benkyō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “べん‐きょう[‥キャウ] 【勉強】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
勉 | 強 |
Adverb
edit勉強
- chữ Hán form of miễn cưỡng (“reluctantly”).
Adjective
edit勉強
- chữ Hán form of miễn cưỡng (“reluctant”).
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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- Intermediate Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 勉 read as べん
- Japanese terms spelled with 強 read as きょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Sinitic languages
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