ἁπλόος

See also: ἄπλοος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἁπλοῦς (haploûs) — Attic, contracted
ἁπλός (haplós) — Koine

Etymology

From ἁ- (ha-, “one, same”) ‎ -πλόος (-plóos, “-fold”). Compare δῐπλόος (diplóos, “double”), as well as Latin simplex.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ha.pló.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)aˈplo.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈplo.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈplo.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈplo.os/

Adjective

ᾰ̔πλόος • (haplóos) m (feminine ᾰ̔πλόη, neuter ᾰ̔πλόον); first/second declension

single; onefold
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.18.4:
  ἀφικνοῦνται καὶ περιτειχίζουσι Μυτιλήνην ἐν κύκλῳ ἁπλῷ τείχει
  aphiknoûntai kaì periteikhízousi Mutilḗnēn en kúklōi haplôi teíkhei
  [...] and arriving at Mitylene built a single wall all round it [...]
simple
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 8.36:
  ἀλλὰ κελεύθοις ἁπλόαις ζωᾶς ἐφαπτοίμαν, θανὼν ὡς παισὶ κλέος μὴ τὸ δύσφαμον προσάψω
  allà keleúthois haplóais zōâs ephaptoíman, thanṑn hōs paisì kléos mḕ tò dúsphamon prosápsō
  May I rather stick to the simple paths of life, so that when I die I will not fasten a bad name to my children.
- 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 979:
  κἀκεῖνον ἢ ’μὲ δεῖ θανεῖν: ἁπλοῦς λόγος
  kakeînon ḕ ’mè deî thaneîn: haploûs lógos
  He or I must die; the matter is simple.
honest, candid
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 361b:
  ἄνδρα ἁπλοῦν καὶ γενναῖον, κατ’ Αἰσχύλον οὐ δοκεῖν ἀλλ’ εἶναι ἀγαθὸν ἐθέλοντα
  ándra haploûn kaì gennaîon, kat’ Aiskhúlon ou dokeîn all’ eînai agathòn ethélonta
  an honest and noble man who, in the phrase of Aeschylus, does not wish to seem, but be, good.
simple-minded
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Nicocles 46:
  φθονοῦσι μὲν τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν, ἁπλοῦς δ’ ἡγοῦνται τοὺς νοῦν οὐκ ἔχοντας
  phthonoûsi mèn toîs eû phronoûsin, haploûs d’ hēgoûntai toùs noûn ouk ékhontas
  They look upon men of wisdom with suspicion, while they regard men of no understanding as simple-minded.
(metallogy) unalloyed, pure

Inflection

First and second declension of ἁπλόος; ἁπλόη; ἁπλόον (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἁπλόος haplóos	ἁπλόη haplóē	ἁπλόον haplóon	ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόᾱ haplóā	ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόοι haplóoi	ἁπλόαι haplóai	ἁπλόᾰ haplóa
Genitive	ἁπλόου haplóou	ἁπλόης haplóēs	ἁπλόου haplóou	ἁπλόοιν haplóoin	ἁπλόαιν haplóain	ἁπλόοιν haplóoin	ἁπλόων haplóōn	ἁπλοέων / ἁπλοῶν haploéōn / haploôn	ἁπλόων haplóōn
Dative	ἁπλόῳ haplóōi	ἁπλόῃ haplóēi	ἁπλόῳ haplóōi	ἁπλόοιν haplóoin	ἁπλόαιν haplóain	ἁπλόοιν haplóoin	ἁπλόοισῐ / ἁπλόοισῐν / ἁπλόοις haplóoisi(n) / haplóois	ἁπλόῃσῐ / ἁπλόῃσῐν haplóēisi(n)	ἁπλόοισῐ / ἁπλόοισῐν / ἁπλόοις haplóoisi(n) / haplóois
Accusative	ἁπλόον haplóon	ἁπλόην haplóēn	ἁπλόον haplóon	ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόᾱ haplóā	ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόους haplóous	ἁπλόᾱς haplóās	ἁπλόᾰ haplóa
Vocative	ἁπλόε haplóe	ἁπλόη haplóē	ἁπλόον haplóon	ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόᾱ haplóā	ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόοι haplóoi	ἁπλόαι haplóai	ἁπλόᾰ haplóa
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἁπλόως haplóōs			—			—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ἁπλαῖ (haplaî)
ἁπλοειδής (haploeidḗs)
ἅπλοθριξ (háplothrix)
ἁπλοΐζομαι (haploḯzomai)
ἁπλοϊκός (haploïkós)
ἁπλοΐς (haploḯs)
Ἁπλοκύων (Haplokúōn)
ἁπλοπαθής (haplopathḗs)
ἁπλοσύνη (haplosúnē)
ἁπλοσχήμων (haploskhḗmōn)
ἁπλότης (haplótēs)
ἁπλοτομέω (haplotoméō)
ἁπλοτομία (haplotomía)
ἁπλόω (haplóō)

Descendants

English: haplo-
Greek: απλός (aplós)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἁπλόος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117