قلم

See also: فلم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ق ل م (q l m)
2 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qa.la.ma/

Verb

قَلَمَ • (qalama) I (non-past يَقْلِمُ (yaqlimu), verbal noun قَلْم (qalm))

1. to cut, to clip, to pare, to prune, to trim, to lop, to truncate, to snip, to cut back, to cut down
2. to make stripes, to stripe
3. to fleece, to fleece wool

Conjugation

    Conjugation of قَلَمَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive, verbal noun قَلْم)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						قَلْم qalm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						قَالِم qālim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَقْلُوم maqlūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَلَمْتُ qalamtu	قَلَمْتَ qalamta	قَلَمَ qalama		قَلَمْتُمَا qalamtumā	قَلَمَا qalamā		قَلَمْنَا qalamnā	قَلَمْتُمْ qalamtum	قَلَمُوا qalamū
	f		قَلَمْتِ qalamti	قَلَمَتْ qalamat			قَلَمَتَا qalamatā			قَلَمْتُنَّ qalamtunna	قَلَمْنَ qalamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَقْلِمُ ʔaqlimu	تَقْلِمُ taqlimu	يَقْلِمُ yaqlimu		تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni	يَقْلِمَانِ yaqlimāni		نَقْلِمُ naqlimu	تَقْلِمُونَ taqlimūna	يَقْلِمُونَ yaqlimūna
	f		تَقْلِمِينَ taqlimīna	تَقْلِمُ taqlimu			تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni			تَقْلِمْنَ taqlimna	يَقْلِمْنَ yaqlimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَقْلِمَ ʔaqlima	تَقْلِمَ taqlima	يَقْلِمَ yaqlima		تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	يَقْلِمَا yaqlimā		نَقْلِمَ naqlima	تَقْلِمُوا taqlimū	يَقْلِمُوا yaqlimū
	f		تَقْلِمِي taqlimī	تَقْلِمَ taqlima			تَقْلِمَا taqlimā			تَقْلِمْنَ taqlimna	يَقْلِمْنَ yaqlimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَقْلِمْ ʔaqlim	تَقْلِمْ taqlim	يَقْلِمْ yaqlim		تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	يَقْلِمَا yaqlimā		نَقْلِمْ naqlim	تَقْلِمُوا taqlimū	يَقْلِمُوا yaqlimū
	f		تَقْلِمِي taqlimī	تَقْلِمْ taqlim			تَقْلِمَا taqlimā			تَقْلِمْنَ taqlimna	يَقْلِمْنَ yaqlimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِقْلِمْ iqlim			اِقْلِمَا iqlimā				اِقْلِمُوا iqlimū
	f		اِقْلِمِي iqlimī							اِقْلِمْنَ iqlimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُلِمْتُ qulimtu	قُلِمْتَ qulimta	قُلِمَ qulima		قُلِمْتُمَا qulimtumā	قُلِمَا qulimā		قُلِمْنَا qulimnā	قُلِمْتُمْ qulimtum	قُلِمُوا qulimū
	f		قُلِمْتِ qulimti	قُلِمَتْ qulimat			قُلِمَتَا qulimatā			قُلِمْتُنَّ qulimtunna	قُلِمْنَ qulimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقْلَمُ ʔuqlamu	تُقْلَمُ tuqlamu	يُقْلَمُ yuqlamu		تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni	يُقْلَمَانِ yuqlamāni		نُقْلَمُ nuqlamu	تُقْلَمُونَ tuqlamūna	يُقْلَمُونَ yuqlamūna
	f		تُقْلَمِينَ tuqlamīna	تُقْلَمُ tuqlamu			تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni			تُقْلَمْنَ tuqlamna	يُقْلَمْنَ yuqlamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقْلَمَ ʔuqlama	تُقْلَمَ tuqlama	يُقْلَمَ yuqlama		تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	يُقْلَمَا yuqlamā		نُقْلَمَ nuqlama	تُقْلَمُوا tuqlamū	يُقْلَمُوا yuqlamū
	f		تُقْلَمِي tuqlamī	تُقْلَمَ tuqlama			تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā			تُقْلَمْنَ tuqlamna	يُقْلَمْنَ yuqlamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقْلَمْ ʔuqlam	تُقْلَمْ tuqlam	يُقْلَمْ yuqlam		تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	يُقْلَمَا yuqlamā		نُقْلَمْ nuqlam	تُقْلَمُوا tuqlamū	يُقْلَمُوا yuqlamū
	f		تُقْلَمِي tuqlamī	تُقْلَمْ tuqlam			تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā			تُقْلَمْنَ tuqlamna	يُقْلَمْنَ yuqlamna

Etymology 2

Intensive form II verb derived from form I verb قَلَمَ (qalama, “to cut”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qal.la.ma/

Verb

قَلَّمَ • (qallama) II (non-past يُقَلِّمُ (yuqallimu), verbal noun تَقْلِيم (taqlīm))

1. to cut much or frequently
2. to striate, to stripe

Conjugation

    Conjugation of قَلَّمَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَقْلِيم)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَقْلِيم taqlīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُقَلِّم muqallim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُقَلَّم muqallam
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَلَّمْتُ qallamtu	قَلَّمْتَ qallamta	قَلَّمَ qallama		قَلَّمْتُمَا qallamtumā	قَلَّمَا qallamā		قَلَّمْنَا qallamnā	قَلَّمْتُمْ qallamtum	قَلَّمُوا qallamū
	f		قَلَّمْتِ qallamti	قَلَّمَتْ qallamat			قَلَّمَتَا qallamatā			قَلَّمْتُنَّ qallamtunna	قَلَّمْنَ qallamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَلِّمُ ʔuqallimu	تُقَلِّمُ tuqallimu	يُقَلِّمُ yuqallimu		تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni	يُقَلِّمَانِ yuqallimāni		نُقَلِّمُ nuqallimu	تُقَلِّمُونَ tuqallimūna	يُقَلِّمُونَ yuqallimūna
	f		تُقَلِّمِينَ tuqallimīna	تُقَلِّمُ tuqallimu			تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni			تُقَلِّمْنَ tuqallimna	يُقَلِّمْنَ yuqallimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَلِّمَ ʔuqallima	تُقَلِّمَ tuqallima	يُقَلِّمَ yuqallima		تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	يُقَلِّمَا yuqallimā		نُقَلِّمَ nuqallima	تُقَلِّمُوا tuqallimū	يُقَلِّمُوا yuqallimū
	f		تُقَلِّمِي tuqallimī	تُقَلِّمَ tuqallima			تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā			تُقَلِّمْنَ tuqallimna	يُقَلِّمْنَ yuqallimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَلِّمْ ʔuqallim	تُقَلِّمْ tuqallim	يُقَلِّمْ yuqallim		تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	يُقَلِّمَا yuqallimā		نُقَلِّمْ nuqallim	تُقَلِّمُوا tuqallimū	يُقَلِّمُوا yuqallimū
	f		تُقَلِّمِي tuqallimī	تُقَلِّمْ tuqallim			تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā			تُقَلِّمْنَ tuqallimna	يُقَلِّمْنَ yuqallimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قَلِّمْ qallim			قَلِّمَا qallimā				قَلِّمُوا qallimū
	f		قَلِّمِي qallimī							قَلِّمْنَ qallimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُلِّمْتُ qullimtu	قُلِّمْتَ qullimta	قُلِّمَ qullima		قُلِّمْتُمَا qullimtumā	قُلِّمَا qullimā		قُلِّمْنَا qullimnā	قُلِّمْتُمْ qullimtum	قُلِّمُوا qullimū
	f		قُلِّمْتِ qullimti	قُلِّمَتْ qullimat			قُلِّمَتَا qullimatā			قُلِّمْتُنَّ qullimtunna	قُلِّمْنَ qullimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَلَّمُ ʔuqallamu	تُقَلَّمُ tuqallamu	يُقَلَّمُ yuqallamu		تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni	يُقَلَّمَانِ yuqallamāni		نُقَلَّمُ nuqallamu	تُقَلَّمُونَ tuqallamūna	يُقَلَّمُونَ yuqallamūna
	f		تُقَلَّمِينَ tuqallamīna	تُقَلَّمُ tuqallamu			تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni			تُقَلَّمْنَ tuqallamna	يُقَلَّمْنَ yuqallamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَلَّمَ ʔuqallama	تُقَلَّمَ tuqallama	يُقَلَّمَ yuqallama		تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	يُقَلَّمَا yuqallamā		نُقَلَّمَ nuqallama	تُقَلَّمُوا tuqallamū	يُقَلَّمُوا yuqallamū
	f		تُقَلَّمِي tuqallamī	تُقَلَّمَ tuqallama			تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā			تُقَلَّمْنَ tuqallamna	يُقَلَّمْنَ yuqallamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَلَّمْ ʔuqallam	تُقَلَّمْ tuqallam	يُقَلَّمْ yuqallam		تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	يُقَلَّمَا yuqallamā		نُقَلَّمْ nuqallam	تُقَلَّمُوا tuqallamū	يُقَلَّمُوا yuqallamū
	f		تُقَلَّمِي tuqallamī	تُقَلَّمْ tuqallam			تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā			تُقَلَّمْنَ tuqallamna	يُقَلَّمْنَ yuqallamna

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قلم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”). Nöldeke and Jeffery are convinced that it comes thence via Ge'ez ቀለም (ḳäläm, “reed”), while Leslau notes that ቀለም (ḳäläm, “reed”) could come from Arabic. But the meaning “reed” – referring to a plant – is not actually attested for the Arabic word, and given the peculiar semantics in Ge'ez where the word ቀለም (ḳäläm) is mixed into the root of ቀለመ (ḳälämä, “to color, to stain, to write”) and as well means “color”, “ink”, “inkstand”, as Leslau separates himself, a Ge'ez origin can explain why in Arabic the meaning is restricted to “pen” in the beginning compared with the Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos) meaning “reed cane” in general.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qa.lam/
  • (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.lam/
  • (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /qələm/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /ɡa.lam/
  • (Tunisian) IPA^(key): /qlam/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /qa.lam/
  • (North Levantine) IPA^(key): /ʔa.lam/

Noun

قَلَم • (qalam) m (plural أَقْلَام (ʔaqlām))

1. pen, reed pen
2. pencil

   قَلَم رَصَاص ― qalam raṣāṣ ― pencil

3. writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus, handwriting
4. style
5. office, bureau, agency
6. window, counter
7. (commerce) item, entry
8. stripe, streak, line, bar, stria

Declension

Declension of noun قَلَم (qalam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَلَم qalam	الْقَلَم al-qalam	قَلَم qalam
Nominative	قَلَمٌ qalamun	الْقَلَمُ al-qalamu	قَلَمُ qalamu
Accusative	قَلَمًا qalaman	الْقَلَمَ al-qalama	قَلَمَ qalama
Genitive	قَلَمٍ qalamin	الْقَلَمِ al-qalami	قَلَمِ qalami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَلَمَيْن qalamayn	الْقَلَمَيْن al-qalamayn	قَلَمَيْ qalamay
Nominative	قَلَمَانِ qalamāni	الْقَلَمَانِ al-qalamāni	قَلَمَا qalamā
Accusative	قَلَمَيْنِ qalamayni	الْقَلَمَيْنِ al-qalamayni	قَلَمَيْ qalamay
Genitive	قَلَمَيْنِ qalamayni	الْقَلَمَيْنِ al-qalamayni	قَلَمَيْ qalamay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَقْلَام ʔaqlām	الْأَقْلَام al-ʔaqlām	أَقْلَام ʔaqlām
Nominative	أَقْلَامٌ ʔaqlāmun	الْأَقْلَامُ al-ʔaqlāmu	أَقْلَامُ ʔaqlāmu
Accusative	أَقْلَامًا ʔaqlāman	الْأَقْلَامَ al-ʔaqlāma	أَقْلَامَ ʔaqlāma
Genitive	أَقْلَامٍ ʔaqlāmin	الْأَقْلَامِ al-ʔaqlāmi	أَقْلَامِ ʔaqlāmi

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: قلم (qalam)
• Hijazi Arabic: قلم (galam)
• Moroccan Arabic: قلم (qalam)
• → Afar: kálam
• → Azerbaijani: qələm
• → Bashkir: ҡәләм (qələm)
• → Dungan: гэран (geran), гәран (gəran), галан (galan)
• → Dhivehi: ގަލަން (galan̊)
• → Hindustani:

  → Hindi: क़लम (qalam)

  → Urdu: قلم (qalam)

  • → Burmese: ကလောင် (ka.laung)
    • → Shan: ၵလွင်ႇ (kǎ làung)
• → Bengali: কলম (kolom)
• → Odia: କଲମ (kalama)
• → Kyrgyz: калем (kalem)
• → Kazakh: қалам (qalam)
• → Northern Kurdish: qelem
• → Malay: kalam
  • Indonesian: kalam
• → Middle Armenian: ղալամ (ġalam), խալամ (xalam)
• → Old Georgian: კალამი (ḳalami)
  • Georgian: კალამი (ḳalami), ყალამი (q̇alami)
• → Ottoman Turkish: قلم (kalem)
  • Turkish: kalem
  • → Armenian: խալեմ (xalem)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: kàlem / ка̀лем
• → Persian: قلم (qalam)
  • Tajik: қалам (qalam)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਕ਼ਲਮ (qalam)

  Shahmukhi: قلم (qalam)

• → Sindhi: قلمُ (qalamu)
• → Somali: qalin
• → Swahili: kalamu
• → Uyghur: قەلەم (qelem)
• → Zazaki: qeleme

References

• Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[2] (in German), volume 84, page 24
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “قَلَمٌ”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 242–243
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) “qalama”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 428–429
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 662–685
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 50

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qalm/

Noun

قَلْم • (qalm) m

1. verbal noun of قَلَمَ (qalama) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun قَلْم (qalm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَلْم qalm	الْقَلْم al-qalm	قَلْم qalm
Nominative	قَلْمٌ qalmun	الْقَلْمُ al-qalmu	قَلْمُ qalmu
Accusative	قَلْمًا qalman	الْقَلْمَ al-qalma	قَلْمَ qalma
Genitive	قَلْمٍ qalmin	الْقَلْمِ al-qalmi	قَلْمِ qalmi

References

• Freytag, Georg (1835) “قلم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[5] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 492
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قلم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[6], London: W.H. Allen, pages 853–854
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “قلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 922

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔa.lam/

Noun

قلم • (ʾalam) m (plural أقلام (aʾlām))

1. pen

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation

• (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ˈqələm/
• (historical or regional) IPA^(key): /ˈɡələm/

Noun

قَلَم • (qalam) m (before il- قَلَم (qalam), plural اقلام (aqlām))

1. pen

   Synonym: قلم حبر

2. pencil

   Synonym: قلم رصاص

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa.lam/

Noun

قلم • (galam) m (plural أقلام (ʔaglām))

1. pen

   Synonym: قلم حبر (galam ḥibir)

2. pencil

   Synonym: قلم رصاص (galam ruṣāṣ)

Munji

Noun

قلم (qalam)

1. pen

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• գալէմ (kalem) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam, “pen, reed pen”), itself from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Noun

قلم • (kalem) (plural قلام or اقلام)

1. reed, especially when cut and dried for use

   Synonym: خامه (hame)

2. (botany) any jointed and hollow stem of a plant
3. (botany) any slip or cutting taken from a plant for rooting or grafting
4. pen, a tubular tool originally made from reeds used for writing

   Synonym: خامه (hame)

5. pencil, a writing utensil with a graphite shaft

   Synonym: خامه (hame)

6. stylus or any sharp object similar to a stylus

Derived terms

• قلمتراش (kalemtıraş, “knife for cutting reed pens”)
• قلمجی (kalemci, “seller of reeds for pens”)
• قلمدان (kalemdan, “pen-case”)
• قلمی (kalemî, “shaped like a reed”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: kalem
• → Armenian: խալեմ (xalem)
• → Ladino: kalem
• → Serbo-Croatian: kàlem / ка̀лем

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kalem”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2352
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قلم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[7], Constantinople: Mihran, page 969
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Calamus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[8], Vienna, column 134
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قلم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[9], Vienna, column 3751
• Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 48
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kalem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قلم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1472

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qa.ˈlam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæ.lǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]

Readings
Classical reading?	qalam
Dari reading?	qalam
Iranian reading?	ğalam
Tajik reading?	qalam

Noun

Dari	قلم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	қалам

قَلَم • (qalam) (plural قلم‌ها (qalam-hâ) or اقلام (aqlâm))

1. reed pen
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 159:

     گویی که هست شعله تیغ زبان من
     آهم که پای لوح و قلم را قلم کند

     gōyē ki hast ša'la-yi tēğ-i zabān-i man
     āham ki pā-yi lawh u qalam rā qalam kunad

     The sigh which breaks the base of the tablet and the reed pen [because the sigh of love cannot be written down]
     Is as if it were a spark from the blade of my tongue.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. pen (in general)
3. (commerce) item, entry

   چندین قلم جنس در مغازه داریم.

   čandin qalam jens dar mağâze dârim.

   We have various kinds of articles (or goods) in our store.

4. (computing) font

Usage notes

• Use only broken plural اقلام (aqlâm) for the sense "item; entry".

Derived terms

• قلم کردن (qalam kardan)
• قلمتراش (qalam-tarâš)
• قلمدان (qalamdân)

 

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /kə.ləmə̆/

Noun

قَلَم • (qalam) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਲਮ)

1. pen

Declension

Declension of قلم
dir. sg.	قلم (qlm)
dir. pl.	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	قلم (qlm)	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
oblique	قلم (qlm)	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
vocative	قلمے (qlme)	قلمو (qlmo)
ablative	قلموں (qlmoṉ)	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
locative	قلمی (qlmī)	قلمِیں (qlmīṉ)
instrumental	قلمِیں (qlmīṉ)	قلمے (qlme)

Sindhi

Etymology

From Classical Persian قلم (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qalamʊ]

Noun

قَلَمُ • (qalamu) m (Devanagari क़लमु) (plural قَلَمَ)

1. pen

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Ramallah) /ʔa.lam/, [ˈʔa.lam]
• IPA^(key): (Gaza) /ɡa.lam/, [ˈɡa.lam]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

قلم • (ʔalam) m (plural قلام (ʔlām) or أقلام (ʔaʔlām))

1. pen

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قلم (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /qə.ləm/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əm

Noun

قَلَم • (qalam) m or f (Hindi spelling क़लम)

1. pen

   (historical) reed pen

2. reed

Declension

Declension of قلم
	singular	plural
direct	قلم (qalam)	قلمیں (qalamẽ)
oblique	قلم (qalam)	قلموں (qalamõ)
vocative	قلم (qalam)	قلمو (qalamo)

References

• “قلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “قلم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Yidgha

Noun

قلم (qalam)

1. pen