سخت

See also: سحت

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭮𐭠𐭤𐭨 (saxt), 𐭮𐭤𐭨 (saxt).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [saxt]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säxt̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säxt̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [säxt̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [säxt̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæxt̪]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säχt̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	saxt
Dari reading?	saxt
Iranian reading?	saxt
Tajik reading?	saxt

Adjective

Dari	سخت
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сахт

سخت • (saxt) (comparative سخت‌تَر (saxt-tar), superlative سخت‌تَرین (saxt-tarin))

1. hard, difficult (of a task)

   Synonyms: دشوار (došvâr), سنگین (sangin)

   Antonym: آسان (âsân)

   • 2021, “استفانوس سیتسی‌پاس؛ تنیس‌بازی که مرگ را دید و تغییر کرد”, in bbc.com/persian‎^[3], BBC Persian:

     او در دو سال اخیر سخت کار کرده. در تورنمنت‌های زیادی حاضر شده و در نیمه‌نهایی‌ها، فینال‌ها و مسابقات سخت، باتجربه شده است.

     u dar do sâl-e axir saxt kâr karde. dar turnamant-hâ-ye ziyâdi hâzer šode va dar nime-nahâyi-hâ, finâl-hâ va mosâbaqât-e saxt, bâ-tajrobe šode ast.

     He has worked hard in the last two years. He has been present in many tournaments and become experienced in semifinals, finals, and difficult competitions.

2. hard, solid (of a material)
3. severe, strict
4. severe, intense

Derived terms

(nouns)

• سختی (saxti, “difficulty, hardness”)
• سخت‌افزار (saxt-afzâr, “hardware”)

(compound verbs)

• سخت کردن (saxt kardan, “to make difficult; to harden; to make strict”)
• سخت شدن (saxt šodan, “to become difficult; to become hard; to become strict”)
• سخت آمدن (saxt âmadan, “to appear difficult; to appear strict”)

(adjectives)

• سخت بازو (saxt-bâzu, “physically strong”)
• سخت بنیاد (saxt-bonyâd, “of a strong foundation”)
• سخت پیشانی (saxt-pišâni, “impudent”)
• سخت دل (saxt-del, “hard-hearted”)
• سخت رو (saxt-ru, “cheeky”)
• سخت کوش (saxt-kuš, “hardworking”)

Adverb

Dari	سخت
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сахт

1. exceedingly, extremely, very
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2597:

     نکته‌‌ی دیگر تو بشنو ای رفیق
     همچو جان او سخت پیدا و دقیق

     nuktah-i-dîgar tu bišinaw ay rafiq
     hamčo jân o saxt payda u daqiq

     My friend, hearken to another saying, like the soul, very clear (to mystics) and abstruse (to the rest).

Descendants

• → Bengali: শক্ত (śokto)
• → Gujarati: સખત (sakhat), સખ્ત (sakht)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सख़्त (saxt)

  Urdu: سخت (saxt)

• → Marathi: सक्त (sakta)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਸਖ਼ਤ (saxat)

  Shahmukhi script: سَخت (saxt)

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سخت”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim