تف

See also: بق and تق

Arabic

Verb

تَفِ • (tafi) (form I) /ta.fi/

1. inflection of وَفَى (wafā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

Persian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Akin to Ossetian ту (tu, “spittle”), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati, “to spit”), Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ, “spit, spittle”), Serbo-Croatian pljuvati (“to spit”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “to spit out”), Latin spuō (“to spit”), English spew.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tuf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰof]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuf]

Readings
Classical reading?	tuf
Dari reading?	tuf
Iranian reading?	tof
Tajik reading?	tuf

Noun

تف • (tof)

1. spittle, spit

   Synonym: خیو (xayu)

Derived terms

• تف کردن (tof kardan)

Etymology 2

Related to Old Armenian տապ (tap, “heat”), an Iranian borrowing. Related to تب (tab).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäf]

Readings
Classical reading?	taf
Dari reading?	taf
Iranian reading?	taf
Tajik reading?	taf

Noun

تف • (taf)

1. flame, heat, warmth

Derived terms

• تف دادن (taf dâdan)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تف”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ت ف ف
1 term

Etymology

Imitative of spitting. Form II means “to utter a тьфу (tʹfu)” (as a common interjection nowadays goes in Russian).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taff/, [taf]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

تفّ • (taff) I (present بتفّ (bitiff, bitoff))

1. to spit

Usage notes

• The non-past forms of this verb are typically pronounced with the vowel “i” by Palestinians and “u” by Jordanians.

Conjugation

Conjugation of تفّ (taff), present: بتفّ (bitiff)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	تفّيت (taffēt)	تفّيت (taffēt)	تفّ (taff)		تفّينا (taffēna)	تفّيتو (taffētu)	تفّو (taffu)
	f		تفّيتي (taffēti)	تفّت (taffat)
present	m	بتفّ (batiff)	بتتفّ (bittiff)	بتفّ (bitiff)		منتفّ (mintiff)	بتتفّو (bittiffu)	بتفّو (bitiffu)
	f		بتتفّي (bittiffi)	بتتفّ (bittiff)
subjunctive	m	اتفّ (atiff)	تتفّ (ttiff)	يتفّ (ytiff)		نتفّ (ntiff)	تتفّو (ttiffu)	يتفّو (ytiffu)
	f		تتفّي (ttiffi)	تتفّ (ttiff)
imperative	m		تفّ (tiff)				تفّو (tiffu)
	f		تفّي (tiffi)

Conjugation of تفّ (taff), present: بتفّ (bitoff)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	تفّيت (taffēt)	تفّيت (taffēt)	تفّ (taff)		تفّينا (taffēna)	تفّيتو (taffētu)	تفّو (taffu)
	f		تفّيتي (taffēti)	تفّت (taffat)
present	m	بتفّ (batoff)	بتتفّ (bittoff)	بتفّ (bitoff)		منتفّ (mintoff)	بتتفّو (bittoffu)	بتفّو (bitoffu)
	f		بتتفّي (bittoffi)	بتتفّ (bittoff)
subjunctive	m	اتفّ (atoff)	تتفّ (ttoff)	يتفّ (ytoff)		نتفّ (ntoff)	تتفّو (ttoffu)	يتفّو (ytoffu)
	f		تتفّي (ttoffi)	تتفّ (ttoff)
imperative	m		تفّ (toff)				تفّو (toffu)
	f		تفّي (toffi)