καρίς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

κουρίς (kourís), κωρίς (kōrís) — Doric

Etymology

The variations may point to a Pre-Greek word. Frisk derives it as a short popular form of κάραβος (kárabos, “kind of crayfish, beetle”). The exact derivation is unknown, but the element /kaɾ/ connects many names for shrimps, crayfish, scorpions and crabs, about which see Persian (xarčang, “crab”) and Old Armenian կարիճ (karič, “scorpion”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kaː.rǐːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kaˈris/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /kaˈris/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /kaˈris/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /kaˈris/

Noun

κᾱρῑ́ς • (kārī́s) f (genitive κᾱρῖδος); third declension

shrimp, prawn

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ κᾱρῑ́ς; τῆς κᾱρῖδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ κᾱρῑ́ς hē kārī́s	τὼ κᾱρῖδε tṑ kārîde	αἱ κᾱρῖδες hai kārîdes
Genitive	τῆς κᾱρῖδος tês kārîdos	τοῖν κᾱρῑ́δοιν toîn kārī́doin	τῶν κᾱρῑ́δων tôn kārī́dōn
Dative	τῇ κᾱρῖδῐ têi kārîdi	τοῖν κᾱρῑ́δοιν toîn kārī́doin	ταῖς κᾱρῖσῐ / κᾱρῖσῐν taîs kārîsi(n)
Accusative	τὴν κᾱρῖδᾰ tḕn kārîda	τὼ κᾱρῖδε tṑ kārîde	τᾱ̀ς κᾱρῖδᾰς tā̀s kārîdas
Vocative	κᾱρῑ́ς kārī́s	κᾱρῖδε kārîde	κᾱρῖδες kārîdes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Descendants

→ Old Armenian: կարիտոս (karitos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κᾱρίς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 645

“καρίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“καρίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
καρίς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
καρίς in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- prawn idem, page 632.
- shrimp idem, page 771.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κᾱρίς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 645

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