βαίνω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editThe present stem is from Proto-Hellenic *gʷəňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from zero-grade of *gʷem- *-yéti.
Cognates include Old English cuman (English come), Latin veniō, and Sanskrit गच्छति (gacchati).
The aorist ἔβην (ébēn), as well as the other tense-forms whose stems do not contain ν (n), is from Proto-Hellenic *égʷēn, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂-.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bǎi̯.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈbɛ.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈβɛ.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈve.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈve.no/
Verb
editβαίνω • (baínō)
- (intransitive) to go, step, move on foot
- (transitive) to mount (a chariot)
- (intransitive) to depart, go away
- (euphemistic) to die
- perfect βέβηκα (bébēka): (intransitive) to stand, be somewhere
- future βήσω (bḗsō) and aorist ἔβησα (ébēsa): (causative) to make someone dismount
Inflection
edit Present: βαίνω, βαίνομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔβαινον | ἔβαινες | ἔβαινε(ν) | ἐβαίνετον | ἐβαινέτην | ἐβαίνομεν | ἐβαίνετε | ἔβαινον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐβαινόμην | ἐβαίνου | ἐβαίνετο | ἐβαίνεσθον | ἐβαινέσθην | ἐβαινόμεθᾰ | ἐβαίνεσθε | ἐβαίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βαῖνον | βαῖνες | βαῖνε(ν) | βαίνετον | βαινέτην | βαίνομεν | βαίνετε | βαῖνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | βαινόμην | βαίνου | βαίνετο | βαίνεσθον | βαινέσθην | βαινόμε(σ)θᾰ | βαίνεσθε | βαίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βήσω | βήσεις | βήσει | βήσετον | βήσετον | βήσομεν | βήσετε | βήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | βήσοιμῐ | βήσοις | βήσοι | βήσοιτον | βησοίτην | βήσοιμεν | βήσοιτε | βήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | βήσομαι | βήσῃ, βήσει |
βήσεται | βήσεσθον | βήσεσθον | βησόμεθᾰ | βήσεσθε | βήσονται | ||||
optative | βησοίμην | βήσοιο | βήσοιτο | βήσοισθον | βησοίσθην | βησοίμεθᾰ | βήσοισθε | βήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | βήσειν | βήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | βήσων | βησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | βήσουσᾰ | βησομένη | |||||||||||
n | βῆσον | βησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔβην/ἔβαν | ἔβης | ἔβη | ἔβητον | ἐβήτην | ἔβημεν | ἔβητε | ἔβησαν, ἔβην/ἔβαν | ||||
subjunctive | βῶ | βῇς | βῇ | βῆτον | βῆτον | βῶμεν | βῆτε | βῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βαίην | βαίης | βαίη | βαῖτον, βαίητον |
βαίτην, βαιήτην |
βαῖμεν, βαίημεν |
βαῖτε, βαίητε |
βαῖεν, βαίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | βῆθῐ | βήτω | βῆτον | βήτων | βῆτε | βᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βᾱ́ς | |||||||||||
f | βᾶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βᾰ́ν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βῆν/βάν | βῆς | βῆ | βῆτον | βήτην/βάτην | βῆμεν | βῆτε | βῆν/βάν | ||||
subjunctive | βῶ, βῶμῐ |
βῇς, βῇσθᾰ |
βῇ, βῇσῐ |
βῆτον | βῆτον | βῶμεν | βῆτε | βῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βαίην | βαίης | βαίη | βαῖτον | βαίτην | βαῖμεν | βαῖτε | βαῖεν | |||||
imperative | βῆθῐ | βήτω | βῆτον | βήτων | βῆτε | βᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βήμεν(αι) | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βᾱ́ς | |||||||||||
f | βᾶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βᾰ́ν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐβᾰ́θην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐβᾰ́θην | ἐβᾰ́θης | ἐβᾰ́θη | ἐβᾰ́θητον | ἐβᾰθήτην | ἐβᾰ́θημεν | ἐβᾰ́θητε | ἐβᾰ́θησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | βᾰθῶ | βᾰθῇς | βᾰθῇ | βᾰθῆτον | βᾰθῆτον | βᾰθῶμεν | βᾰθῆτε | βᾰθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βᾰθείην | βᾰθείης | βᾰθείη | βᾰθεῖτον, βᾰθείητον |
βᾰθείτην, βᾰθειήτην |
βᾰθεῖμεν, βᾰθείημεν |
βᾰθεῖτε, βᾰθείητε |
βᾰθεῖεν, βᾰθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | βᾰ́θητῐ | βᾰθήτω | βᾰ́θητον | βᾰθήτων | βᾰ́θητε | βᾰθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βᾰθῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βᾰθείς | |||||||||||
f | βᾰθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βᾰθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐβάνθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐβάνθην | ἐβάνθης | ἐβάνθη | ἐβάνθητον | ἐβανθήτην | ἐβάνθημεν | ἐβάνθητε | ἐβάνθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | βανθῶ | βανθῇς | βανθῇ | βανθῆτον | βανθῆτον | βανθῶμεν | βανθῆτε | βανθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βανθείην | βανθείης | βανθείη | βανθεῖτον, βανθείητον |
βανθείτην, βανθειήτην |
βανθεῖμεν, βανθείημεν |
βανθεῖτε, βανθείητε |
βανθεῖεν, βανθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | βάνθητῐ | βανθήτω | βάνθητον | βανθήτων | βάνθητε | βανθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βανθῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βανθείς | |||||||||||
f | βανθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βανθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔβησᾰ | ἔβησᾰς | ἔβησε(ν) | ἐβήσᾰτον | ἐβησᾰ́την | ἐβήσᾰμεν | ἐβήσᾰτε | ἔβησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | βήσω | βήσῃς | βήσῃ | βήσητον | βήσητον | βήσωμεν | βήσητε | βήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βήσαιμῐ | βήσειᾰς, βήσαις |
βήσειε(ν), βήσαι |
βήσαιτον | βησαίτην | βήσαιμεν | βήσαιτε | βήσειᾰν, βήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | βῆσον | βησᾰ́τω | βήσᾰτον | βησᾰ́των | βήσᾰτε | βησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐβησᾰ́μην | ἐβήσω | ἐβήσᾰτο | ἐβήσᾰσθον | ἐβησᾰ́σθην | ἐβησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐβήσᾰσθε | ἐβήσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | βήσωμαι | βήσῃ | βήσηται | βήσησθον | βήσησθον | βησώμεθᾰ | βήσησθε | βήσωνται | |||||
optative | βησαίμην | βήσαιο | βήσαιτο | βήσαισθον | βησαίσθην | βησαίμεθᾰ | βήσαισθε | βήσαιντο | |||||
imperative | βῆσαι | βησᾰ́σθω | βήσᾰσθον | βησᾰ́σθων | βήσᾰσθε | βησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | βῆσαι | βήσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | βήσᾱς | βησᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | βήσᾱσᾰ | βησᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | βῆσᾰν | βησᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βῆσᾰ | βῆσᾰς | βῆσε(ν) | βήσᾰτον | βησᾰ́την | βήσᾰμεν | βήσᾰτε | βῆσᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | βησᾰ́μην | βήσᾰο | βήσετο | βήσᾰσθον | βησᾰ́σθην | βησᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | βήσᾰσθε | βήσᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect:
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βεβᾰ́ᾱσῐ/βεβᾶσῐ | |||||||||||
subjunctive | βεβῶσῐ | ||||||||||||
optative | |||||||||||||
imperative | |||||||||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βεβᾰ́μεν/βεβᾰ́ναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βεβᾰώς/βεβώς | |||||||||||
f | βεβᾰυῖᾰ/βεβῶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | |||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐβεβήκειν, ἐβεβήκη |
ἐβεβήκεις, ἐβεβήκης |
ἐβεβήκει(ν) | ἐβεβήκετον | ἐβεβηκέτην | ἐβεβήκεμεν | ἐβεβήκετε | ἐβεβήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐβεβᾰ́μην | ἐβέβᾰσο | ἐβέβᾰτο | ἐβέβᾰσθον | ἐβεβᾰ́σθην | ἐβεβᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐβέβᾰσθε | ἐβέβᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βεβήκειν, βεβήκη |
βεβήκεις, βεβήκης |
βεβήκει(ν) | βεβήκετον | βεβηκέτην | βεβήκεμεν | βεβήκετε | βεβήκεσᾰν/βέβᾰσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | βεβᾰ́μην | βέβᾰσο | βέβᾰτο | βέβᾰσθον | βεβᾰ́σθην | βεβᾰ́μεθᾰ | βέβᾰσθε | βέβᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- ἀμφιβαίνω (amphibaínō)
- ἀναβαίνω (anabaínō)
- ἀντιβαίνω (antibaínō)
- ἀντιδιαβαίνω (antidiabaínō)
- ἀποβαίνω (apobaínō)
- -βασία (-basía)
- -βατέω (-batéō)
- -βάτης (-bátēs)
- -βάτις (-bátis)
- διαβαίνω (diabaínō)
- εἰσαναβαίνω (eisanabaínō)
- εἰσβαίνω (eisbaínō)
- εἰσκαταβαίνω (eiskatabaínō)
- ἐκβαίνω (ekbaínō)
- ἐκδιαβαίνω (ekdiabaínō)
- ἐμβαίνω (embaínō)
- ἐξαποβαίνω (exapobaínō)
- ἐπαναβαίνω (epanabaínō)
- ἐπεισβαίνω (epeisbaínō)
- ἐπεκβαίνω (epekbaínō)
- ἐπεμβαίνω (epembaínō)
- ἐπιβαίνω (epibaínō)
- ἐπιδιαβαίνω (epidiabaínō)
- ἐπικαταβαίνω (epikatabaínō)
- καταβαίνω (katabaínō)
- μεταβαίνω (metabaínō)
- μετεκβαίνω (metekbaínō)
- μετεμβαίνω (metembaínō)
- παραβαίνω (parabaínō)
- παρακαταβαίνω (parakatabaínō)
- παρεκβαίνω (parekbaínō)
- περιβαίνω (peribaínō)
- προαναβαίνω (proanabaínō)
- προβαίνω (probaínō)
- προδιαβαίνω (prodiabaínō)
- προεμβαίνω (proembaínō)
- προσαναβαίνω (prosanabaínō)
- προσβαίνω (prosbaínō)
- προσεμβαίνω (prosembaínō)
- προσκαταβαίνω (proskatabaínō)
- συγκαταβαίνω (sunkatabaínō)
- συμβαίνω (sumbaínō)
- συναναβαίνω (sunanabaínō)
- συναποβαίνω (sunapobaínō)
- συνδιαβαίνω (sundiabaínō)
- συνεισβαίνω (suneisbaínō)
- συνεκβαίνω (sunekbaínō)
- συνεμβαίνω (sunembaínō)
- συνεπιβαίνω (sunepibaínō)
- ὑπεξαναβαίνω (hupexanabaínō)
- ὑπερβαίνω (huperbaínō)
- ὑπερκαταβαίνω (huperkatabaínō)
- ὑποβαίνω (hupobaínō)
- ὑποκαταβαίνω (hupokatabaínō)
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- → Greek: βαίνω (vaíno)
- ⇒ Translingual: Anopsibaena, Cephalobaena, Halobaena, Mesobaena, Tetrabaena, Thermosbaena
Further reading
edit- “βαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “βαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- βαίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- βαίνω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “βαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Greek
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek βαίνω (baínō).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editβαίνω • (vaíno) found only in the imperfective tenses only active voice
- (formal) to develop, go on (used in set phrases)
- Η κρίση βαίνει προς εκτόνωση. ― I krísi vaínei pros ektónosi. ― The crisis is heading toward a détente.
- όλα βαίνουν καλώς ― óla vaínoun kalós ― all is well/everything is going well
Conjugation
editβαίνω (active forms only imperfective)
Active voice ➤ — Imperfective aspect ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Present ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Future ➤ | |
1 sg | βαίνω | έβαινα | θα βαίνω | |
2 sg | βαίνεις | έβαινες | θα βαίνεις | |
3 sg | βαίνει | έβαινε | θα βαίνει | |
1 pl | βαίνουμε, [‑ομε] | βαίναμε | θα βαίνουμε, [‑ομε] | |
2 pl | βαίνετε | βαίνατε | θα βαίνετε | |
3 pl | βαίνουν(ε) | έβαιναν, βαίναν(ε) | θα βαίνουν(ε) | |
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | 2 sg | 2 pl | ||
Imperfective aspect | — | βαίνετε | ||
Other forms | Present participle ➤ | |||
βαίνοντας ➤ | ||||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
editSuffixes
Compounds
- ανεβαίνω (anevaíno)
- ανεβοκατεβαίνω (anevokatevaíno, “to bob up and down”)
- αντιβαίνω (antivaíno, “to oppose”)
- αποβαίνω (apovaíno, “to prove to”)
- βγαίνω (vgaíno, “to exit”)
- διαβαίνω (diavaíno, “to traverse”)
- επεμβαίνω (epemvaíno, “to intervene”)
- επιβαίνω (epivaíno, “to embark, to get on”)
- επισυμβαίνει (episymvaínei, 3rd person)
- κατεβαίνω (katevaíno, “to descend”)
- μεταβαίνω (metavaíno, “to go to, to go over to”)
- μπαίνω (baíno, “to enter”)
- παραβαίνω (paravaíno, “to offend”)
- παρεκβαίνω (parekvaíno, “to digress”)
- παρεμβαίνω (paremvaíno, “to intervene”)
- περνοδιαβαίνω (pernodiavaíno, “to pass/repass”)
- προβαίνω (provaíno, “to advance”)
- συμβαίνω (symvaíno, “to take place, to happen”)
- υπερβαίνω (ypervaíno, “to overstep, to transgress”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₂-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek euphemisms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek copulative verbs
- grc:Geometry
- Ancient Greek suppletive verbs
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive iota or yod marker
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek formal terms
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek irregular verbs
- Greek verb conjugation group 'βαίνω'
- Greek defective verbs
- Greek verbs lacking passive forms