Zhangjiang Tram was a tram network operating in Shanghai that utilised a Translohr system. Shanghai originally had a steel wheeled electric tramway network in its urban center. Routes expanded gradually and reached largest extent in 1925 with 328 tramcars; this tram system shut down in 1975. Tram service returned to Shanghai with the opening of a rubber tired Translohr line in the suburban Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park in 2010. It is the second rubber-tired tram system in both China and Asia, the first being TEDA tram in Tianjin.
| Zhangjiang Tram | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 上海张江有轨电车 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 上海張江有軌電車 | ||||||||||||||
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 | |||||||||||||||
| Overview | |||||||||||||||
| Status | Closed | ||||||||||||||
| Locale | Pudong, Shanghai | ||||||||||||||
| Termini |
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| Connecting lines | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Stations | 15 | ||||||||||||||
| Service | |||||||||||||||
| Type | Tram, Translohr | ||||||||||||||
| System | Zhangjiang Tram | ||||||||||||||
| Services | Zhangjiang metro station ↔ Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station | ||||||||||||||
| Operator(s) | Shanghai Pudong Modern Rail Transportation Co., Ltd (up to April 1, 2021) Shanghai Pudong New Area Yanggao Public Transportation Co., Ltd. (from April 1, 2021) | ||||||||||||||
| Depot(s) | Heqing Town | ||||||||||||||
| Rolling stock | 9 3-car Translohr rubber-tired trams | ||||||||||||||
| Daily ridership | 6,000 (daily average, 2016)[1] | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
| Commenced | December 23, 2007 | ||||||||||||||
| Opened | December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||
| Closed | June 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Technical | |||||||||||||||
| Line length | 9.8 km (6 mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Character | At-grade, unreserved tracks in the middle of the road | ||||||||||||||
| Track gauge | None, central guide rail | ||||||||||||||
| Electrification | Overhead lines (550 volts) DC | ||||||||||||||
| Operating speed | max speed of vehicle: 70 km/h (43 mph) max operating speed: 40 km/h (25 mph) | ||||||||||||||
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Zhangjiang Tram started construction on December 23, 2007.[2] Construction was originally planned to be completed in December 2008, but this was delayed a year, until December 31, 2009 when it was opened to traffic.[3] Passenger operations started on December 31, 2009. Zhangjiang Tram runs for 10 km (6.2 mi) from Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station of the Shanghai Metro Line 2 to Heqing Town with 15 stops. The total investment of the Zhangjiang tram project is about 800 million yuan.[4]
Zhangjiang tram was planned to be built in phases. Only the first phase was constructed and ran from Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station on Shanghai Metro Line 2 (formerly Songtao Road Zuchongzhi Road Station) in the west, to Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station in the east, which covers a distance of 9.8 km (6.1 mi), with a total of 15 stops, 1 depot. Initial plans included a next phase which is an extension to Tangzhen and a third phase to Heqing Town, reaching a scale of more than 30 kilometers (19 mi) by 2010. Due to successive years of losses, the Zhangjiang Tram originally planned extensions are temporarily put on hold. Zhangjiang Tram has an annual loss of more than 20 million yuan. This is because the passenger flow is unbalanced during the day (many office workers are passengers during the rush hour; when commute time is over, there are very few passengers), which is generally unsatisfactory; and the maintenance cost of vehicles is extremely high, as most parts are imported. For this reason, the supply of some parts has been stopped, making the vehicle unable to operate normally.[5]
There were also possible plans to build tram projects in Lujiazui and Sanlin areas, which also have not been materialized.
Ultimately, although spare parts procurement was an issue, the system closed mainly due to the overwhelming saturation of the Zhangjiang area with other, faster rail transit systems, such as Line 2, 11, 13 and 16. After closure, the route was largely replaced by Pudong route 112 bus services.[6][7] It was the second modern tram system in China to close, after the Zhuhai Tram in January 22, 2021.[8]
History
editThe new system was built in Zhangjiang Town, because it is a planned area, and commuting between neighborhoods of the town has always been difficult. The Translohr tramway is constructed in Zhangjiang Town which is in the heartland area of Pudong New Area (east shore of Huangpu River). Due to Economic-Technological Development Area ordinances, sound pollution must be kept to a minimum in this area. Traditional steel-wheeled trams generate much vibration and sound during their journey. Rubber tires on the trams reduce vibration, and as a result noise, substantially. Additionally, the Zhangjiang Town roads are very hilly, and rubber tired trams can more easily climb steeper grades than traditional trams. Another advantage is that rubber-tired trams don't require tracks, as steel wheeled cars do, so there is less disturbance of underground networks like power cables, phone lines, and sewer and water mains.
Timeline:
- 2007 – Construction of rubber tired tram started.
- 2009 – Test runs occurred.
- 2010 – Commercial services began.
- 2023 – Service closed.[9]
Practical Info
edit- Tickets: There is a single fare of 2 Yuan. It accepts the Shanghai Public Transport Card, the transfer discount policy for Shanghai public transport service is applicable.
- Total length: 9.8 km (6.1 mi).
- Opened: December 31, 2009.
- Operating hours: 5:45 am to 11 pm.
- Frequency: 15 minutes (3 minutes before end of 2015).[10]
- Operate on a "Request stop" mode. If a passenger requests a stop, a green light is illuminated and the doors open at the next stop. If no stop is requested, the doors remain closed.
- The existing traffic light system in the area (24 intersections with traffic lights) was transformed into a tram signal priority system. (though not utilized)
- The maximum speed of the vehicles is 70 km/h (43 mph), but due to the lack of dedicated lanes separate from other road users, the speed is set at 40 km/h (25 mph).
- Alignment: on unreserved tracks and in the middle of the road. Because of the rubber tires, it is not possible to lay track in grass, as the trams can only run on concrete or paved roads.
Stations
editThe modern tram runs from Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station to Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station. Most stops have island platforms. Much of the route runs in the centre of the road, while the two terminals are situated on reserved area. Trams are stored in an indoor facility at the eastern end of the line in Heqing Town. All stations are in Pudong
| Routes | Station name | Connections | Distance km | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | English | Chinese | |||
| ● | Zhangjiang metro station | 张江地铁站 | 2 (adjacent station - Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station) | 0.00 | |
| ● | Bibo Road Gaoke Road Station | 碧波路高科路站 | |||
| ● | Huatuo Road Daerwen Road Station | 华佗路达尔文路站 | |||
| ● | Huatuo Road Keyuan Road Station | 华佗路科苑路站 | |||
| ● | Cailun Road Jinke Road Station | 蔡伦路金科路站 | |||
| ● | Cailun Road Halei Road Station | 蔡伦路哈雷路站 | |||
| ● | Gebaini Road Libing Road Station | 哥白尼路李冰路站 | |||
| ● | Ziwei Road Gaosi Road Station | 紫薇路高斯路站 | |||
| ● | Gaosi Road Zhangjiang Road Station | 高斯路张江路站 | |||
| ● | Zhangjiang Middle School Station | 张江中学站 | |||
| ● | Guanglan Road Zuchongzhi Road Station | 广兰路祖冲之路站 | 2 (adjacent station - Guanglan Road) | ||
| ● | Guanglan Road Dangui Road Station | 广兰路丹桂路站 | |||
| ● | Dangui Road Qingtong Road Station | 丹桂路青桐路站 | |||
| ● | Dangui Road Zhangdong Road Station | 丹桂路张东路站 | |||
| ● | Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station | 张东路金秋路站 | 9.8 | ||
Technology
editRolling stock
editThe rolling stock is Translohr. It consists of 9 multiple units (price of 30 million yuan each) of three cars each. They are low floor, fully air conditioned, and can operate at high speeds up to 70 km/h (43 mph). Each train is generally composed of 3 cars, 25 meters (82 ft 0 in) long and 2.2 meters (7 ft 3 in) wide. It can take more than 160 people, and a train can be increased to 5 cars according to demand. After the opening, there were 12 cars on the whole line, every 6 minutes or so.
See also
edit- Trams in Shanghai – first generation tram network
- Songjiang Tram - steel wheel tram in Shanghai
- List of rubber-tyred tram systems
- Guided bus
- Trolleybuses in Shanghai
- List of tram and light rail transit systems
References
edit- ^ Modern Tram and Public Transport Integration in Chinese Cities: A case study of Suzhou
- ^ "[晚报晨讯]张江有轨电车项目工程今开工_新民网". sh.xinmin.cn. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ "张江有轨电车31号通车 营业时间与二号线衔接_新浪上海_新浪网". sh.sina.com.cn. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ Lu, Yannan (August 15, 2007). "张江有轨电车线10月开建". sina.
- ^ Wu, Chunwei (July 7, 2015). "沪张江有轨电车年亏2000多万元 目前靠借贷维持 [The Shanghai-Zhangjiang tram has an annual loss of more than 20 million yuan and is currently maintained by borrowing]". Dongfang.com.
- ^ "张江有轨电车1路已运营超过13年，将于6月1日起停运，相关配套方案已做好，确保白领、居民出行". www.shanghai.gov.cn. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "澎湃新闻-专注时政与思想-ThePaper.cn". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "公共交通还是城市名片？上海首条现代有轨电车停运 其他地方呢 _ 东方财富网". finance.eastmoney.com. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "张江有轨电车1路6月1日起停运 已运营超过13年" (in Chinese). May 30, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
- ^ "Shanghai Pudong". english.pudong.gov.cn. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016.
