William Francis Raborn, Jr., (June 8, 1905 – March 6, 1990) was the United States Director of Central Intelligence from April 28, 1965 until June 30, 1966. He was also a career United States Navy officer who led the project to develop the Polaris missile system and retired from the navy in 1963 as a vice admiral.[1]
William Raborn | |
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| 7th Director of Central Intelligence | |
| In office April 28, 1965 – June 30, 1966 | |
| President | Lyndon Johnson |
| Deputy | Richard Helms |
| Preceded by | John McCone |
| Succeeded by | Richard Helms |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Francis Raborn, Jr. June 8, 1905 Decatur, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | March 6, 1990 (aged 84) McLean, Virginia, U.S. |
| Education | United States Naval Academy (BS) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1928–1963 |
| Rank |  Vice Admiral |
| Commands | USS Bairoko USS Bennington |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Navy Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star |
Early life and naval career
editBorn in Decatur, Texas, he graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1928. During World War II he directed the Gunnery Training Section at the Bureau of Aeronautics. He also served in the Pacific on aircraft carriers: Raborn was the executive officer of the carrier USS Hancock (CV-19) when her deck was damaged by a kamikaze attack. He had the deck repaired in four hours, allowing the ship's aircraft (which had been airborne when the kamikaze struck) to land safely – for this Raborn was awarded the Silver Star.[2] He later commanded the carriers USS Bairoko (CVE-115) and USS Bennington (CV-20).
Raborn was a rear admiral when he was appointed, on November 8, 1955, as director of special projects at the Bureau of Weapons. His task was to develop a submarine-launched ballistic missile. He reported directly to Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh Burke and the Secretary of the Navy Charles Thomas. Raborn was told the new system had to achieve interim capability by early 1963 and full capability by early 1965. The USS George Washington (SSBN-598), the first ballistic missile submarine, was commissioned December 30, 1959, fired its first test missile July 20, 1960, and departed on the navy's first deterrent patrol on November 15, 1960. Raborn received the Distinguished Service Medal and was appointed Vice Admiral in 1960. The same year he was awarded the Collier Trophy for his work on Polaris.[3]
Raborn had delivered Polaris three years ahead of schedule, due in part to his application of the PERT methodology. He became Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Development in 1962. Raborn retired from the navy in 1965 and on April 28 of that year, despite his having no intelligence experience, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Raborn as the seventh director of Central Intelligence (DCI). As DCI, one of his primary responsibilities was to direct the Central Intelligence Agency.
Time magazine wrote that his organizational skills would be invaluable in a CIA that admitted it was in danger of being "drowned in data",[2] but his tenure was not successful: author David Barrett described Raborn as "incompetent at CIA, not understanding the agency or the intelligence business",[4] and even the CIA's own historians said "Raborn did not 'take' to the DCI job".[5] A later CIA director, William Colby, described Raborn as focused on intelligence technology and not sufficiently attuned to the cultural issues involved in dealing with foreign nationals and governments.
Raborn resigned on June 30, 1966, having served for only fourteen months as DCI. He was replaced by his deputy, Richard Helms.
He was involved, during his time at the CIA, in its early activities against Ramparts magazine and its editors.[6]
Raborn is buried in the United States Naval Academy Cemetery in Annapolis, Maryland.
Awards
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Raborn was also:
- Vice admiral (United States Navy)
- Director, U.S. Navy Special Projects Office
- Deputy Chief of Naval Operations [1]
- 32° Mason (Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite Of Freemasonry)[2]
Other honors and recognition
editIn 1962, Raborn received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[7]
External links
edit- William F. Raborn Collection, 1932-1964, MS 490 held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy
References
edit- ^ Michael Wines (March 13, 1990). "William F. Raborn Is Dead at 84; Led Production of Polaris Missile". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ a b "A PERT Man for the CIA", Time magazine, April 23, 1965
- ^ Collier 1960-1969 Winners Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautic Association
- ^ The CIA and Congress: The Untold Story From Truman to Kennedy, David Barrett, University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-1400-1 (quote sourced via "Generals Have Poor Records as CIA Bosses, but Hayden Looks Different", Jeff Stein, Congressional Quarterly, May 9, 2006)
- ^ "John McCone and William Raborn: New Kind of DCI", Directors of Central Intelligence as Leaders of the U.S. Intelligence Community, Douglas F. Garthoff, CIA's Center for the Study of Intelligence
- ^ James Jesus Angleton, the CIA, and the Craft of Counterintelligence, By Michael Howard Holzman, 2008, via https://books.google.com
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Navy