The Treaty of Angra de Cintra, signed by Spain and Morocco on 1 April 1958, ended the Spanish protectorate in Morocco and helped end the Ifni War.
The Spanish foreign minister, Fernando María Castiella y Maíz, and his Moroccan counterpart, Ahmed Balafrej, as well as their respective secretaries, met on the Bay of Cintra[a] in the Spanish colony of Río de Oro between 31 March and 2 April in utmost secrecy to negotiate an end to the clashes between Spain and Moroccan-supported rebels that had begun in October 1957.[1] The resulting treaty was signed on 1 April. By its terms, Spain would return to Moroccan control the southern zone of its protectorate, which it had retained even after handing over the northern zone in 1956. This zone, called Cabo Juby or the Tarfaya Strip, lay between the river Draa and the parallel 27° 40′ north. The transfer was to take place on 10 April in the administrative capital of Villa Bens (Tarfaya). The Moroccan heir apparent, the future Hassan II, was present at the ceremony.[2] The agreement did not give a timeline for the evacuation of Spanish troops from either the northern or southern zone of the old protectorate, but merely expressed both parties' commitment to total evacuation.[1]
On 15 April, Spain circulated a note verbale to the United Nations asserting that with the Treaty of Angra de Cintra it had completely fulfilled its declaration of 7 April 1956 terminating its protectorate.[3]
On 30 June 1958, the Moroccan Army of Liberation (which was not a part of the regular Moroccan army) declared a ceasefire, bringing to an end the Ifni War. The enclave of Sidi Ifni, which was surrounded by Moroccan territory, was not ceded at Angra de Cintra, since it was under Spanish sovereignty. It was, however, greatly reduced in size, since its outlying regions, occupied by the Ait Ba Amran tribe were abandoned (although this was not specified in the treaty).[4] The city itself was only ceded to Morocco in 1969. Likewise, the agreement of Cintra did not touch upon any of Morocco's other territorial claims against Spain, either in the Sahara or the Mediterranean.[5]
Notes
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edit- ^ a b María Concepción Ybarra Enríquez de la Orden, España y la descolonización del Magreb: rivalidad hispano-francesa en Marruecos, 1951–1961 (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 1998), pp. 353–54.
- ^ Carlos Canales Torres and Miguel del Rey Vicente, Breve historia de la Guerra de Ifni-Sáhara (Madrid: Nowtilus, 2010), p. 251.
- ^ Julio D. González Campos, "Las pretensiones de Marruecos sobre los territorios españoles en el Norte de África (1956–2002)", in España y Marruecos: en el centenario de la conferencia de Algeciras (Madrid: 2007), p. 89.
- ^ René Pélissier, "Spain's Discreet Decolonization", Foreign Affairs 43, 3 (1965), p. 523.
- ^ Jamie Trinidad, Self-Determination in Disputed Colonial Territories (Cambridge University Press, 2018), p. 40.