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Thecaphora

Thecaphora was also proposed for the order of cnidarians usually known as Leptomedusae.

Thecaphora is a genus of basidiomycote fungus which contains several species of plant pathogens. The widespread genus contained about 57 species in 2008.[2] and held 61 species in 2020.[3]

Thecaphora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Ustilaginomycetes
Order: Urocystidales
Family: Glomosporiaceae
Genus: Thecaphora
Fingerh. (1836)
Type species
Thecaphora hyalina
Fingerh. (1836)
Synonyms[1]

Angiosorus Thirum. & M.J.O'Brien (1974)
Glomosporium Kochman (1939)
Kochmania Piatek (2005)
Poikilosporium Dietel (1897)
Sorosporium F.Rudolphi (1829)
Tothiella Vánky (1999)

In 2008, genus Glomosporium and Kochmania were declared synonyms of Thecaphora.[4] Also Sorosporium mohgaoense Chitaley & Yawale became Thecaphora mohgaoensis (Chitaley & Yawale) R.K. Saxena, Wijayaw., D.Q. Dai, K.D. Hyde & P.M. Kirk.[3]

The genus Thecaphora contains plant-parasitic microfungi infecting hosts belonging to a range of dicotyledonous families. The species and their current nomenclature were summarised by Vánky et al. (2008),[4] and Vánky (2012).[5] Recently, three new species were described in Crous et al. (2018),[6] Kruse et al. (2018),[7] and Piątek et al. (2021).[8] Thecaphora species are characterised by having spores in balls (or rarely single), generally without sterile cells, and infections are found in a range of different organs of their host plants.[9]

Hosts

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Thecaphora solani (Thirum & M.J. O'Brien) Mordue 1988 (also called potato smut), is a smut fungus attacking tubers and underground stems of Solanum species, including potato Solanum tuberosum and also tomato Solanum lycopersicum and nearby native weed Datura stramonium (Mordue, 1988).[10] in the Andean region of South America. It is not restricted to the higher, cooler elevations, but it has also been a problem in coastal Peru (Bazan de Segura 1960;[11] Zachmann and Baumann, 1975),[12] and also occurs in Mexico. The fungus can be transported within infected tubers and other planting material and also on their surfaces if they become contaminated with the spores. The fungus also can survive in the soil and therefore is difficult to eradicate.[10]

Thecaphora melandrii (Syd.) Vánky & M.Lutz was found to infect species in the Caryophyllaceae family, forming sori with spore balls in the floral organs. This included Silene latifolia Poir., Silene nutansa L., Silene vulgarisa (Moench) Garcke and Stellaria gramineaa L.[13] It was found in Britain on Silene uniflora Roth.[9] Thecaphora schwarzmaniana was found on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey.[14] Thecaphora anthemidis was found on species of Anthemis (Asteraceae family).[7] Thecaphora dahuangis causes leaf smut disease in Rheum palmatum (or dahuang), a folk medicinal plant in China.[8]

Species

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As accepted by Species Fungorum;[15]

Former species;[15]

References

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  1. ^ "Thecaphora Fingerh. 1836". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
  2. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  3. ^ a b Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.8633/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
  4. ^ a b Vánky, Kálmán; Lutz, Matthias; Bauer, Robert (2008). "About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms". Mycological Progress. 7: 31–39. doi:10.1007/s11557-007-0550-0.
  5. ^ Vánky, K. (2012). Smut Fungi of the World. St Paul, MN., USA: American Phytopathological Society Press.
  6. ^ Crous, et al. (2018). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784". Persoonia. 40: 240–393. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10. PMC 6146637. PMID 30505003.
  7. ^ a b Kruse, J.; Kummer, V.; Shivas, R. G.; Thines, M. (2018). "The first smut fungus, Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae)". MycoKeys (41): 39–50. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.41.28454. PMC 6194141. PMID 30344443.
  8. ^ a b c Piątek, Marcin; Lutz, Matthias; Wang, Yan; Wang, Shengrong; Kellner, Ronny (August 2021). "Thecaphora dahuangis, a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang (Rheum palmatum) in China". Plant Pathology. 70 (6): 1292–1299. doi:10.1111/ppa.13385.
  9. ^ a b Smith, P.A.; Lutz, M.; Piątek, M. (2020). "The distribution and host range of Thecaphora melandrii, with first records for Britain". Kew Bull. 75 (4): 39. doi:10.1007/s12225-020-09895-3.
  10. ^ a b Mordue, J.E.M. (1988). "Thecaphora solani". IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria (97 ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 966.
  11. ^ Bazan de Segura, C. (1960). "The gangrena disease of potato in Peru". Plant Disease Reporter. 44: 257.
  12. ^ Zachmann, R.; Baumann, D. (1975). "Thecaphora solani on potatoes in Peru:present distribution and varietal resistance". Plant Disease Reporter. 59 (11): 928–931.
  13. ^ Vánky, K.; Lutz, M. (2007). "Revision of some Thecaphora species (Ustilaginomycotina) on Caryophyllaceae". Mycol. Res. 111 (10): 1207–1219. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.06.007.
  14. ^ a b Vasighzadeh, A.; Zafari, D.; Selçuk, F.; Hüseyin, E.; Kurşat, M.; Lutz, M.; Piątek, M. (2014). "Discovery of Thecaphora schwarzmaniana on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey: implications for the diversity and phylogeny of leaf smuts on rhubarbs". Mycol. Progr. 13 (3): 881–892. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0972-4.
  15. ^ a b "Species Fungorum - Search Page - Thecaphora". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  16. ^ Arias, Silvina L.; Mary, Verónica S.; Velez, Pilar A.; Rodriguez, María G.; Otaiza-González, Santiago N.; Theumer, Martín G. (2021-10-01). "Where Does the Peanut Smut Pathogen, Thecaphora frezzii, Fit in the Spectrum of Smut Diseases?". Plant Disease. 105 (9). American Phytopathological Society: 2268–2280. doi:10.1094/pdis-11-20-2438-fe. ISSN 0191-2917.
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