Swan neck deformity is a deformed position of the finger, in which the joint closest to the fingertip is permanently bent toward the palm while the nearest joint to the palm is bent away from it (DIP flexion with PIP hyperextension). It is commonly caused by injury, hypermobility or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or sometimes familial (congenital, like Ehlers–Danlos syndrome[1]).
| Swan neck deformity | |
|---|---|
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| Swan neck deformity in a 65-year-old rheumatoid arthritis patient. | |
| Specialty | Orthopedic |
Pathophysiology
editSwan neck deformity has many of possible causes arising from the DIP, PIP, or even the MCP joints. In all cases, there is a stretching of the volar plate at the PIP joint to allow hyperextension, plus some damage to the attachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the distal phalanx that produces a hyperflexed mallet finger. Duck bill deformity is a similar condition affecting the thumb (which cannot have true swan neck deformity because it does not have enough joints).[citation needed]
Diagnosis
editDiagnosis of swan neck deformity is mainly clinical. MRI of the hand may suggest volar plate attenuation of PIP and extensor tendon damage for DIP[citation needed] Genetic screening tests such as for CMT disease may also be indicated.
Treatment
editSplinting for fingers. Passive stretching and clearing the deformity.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ ERÇÖÇEN, A. R.; et al. (1997). "Dynamic Swan Neck Deformity in a Patient with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome". Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland). 22 (1). The Journal of Hand Surgery: 128–130. doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80039-3. PMID 9061548. S2CID 41901355. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
External links
edit- Swan neck deformity at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopedics, a technical review of the condition
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Image showing deformities