Wikipedia

Solar eclipse of March 9, 2016

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Tuesday, March 8 and Wednesday, March 9, 2016,[1][2][3][4][5] with a magnitude of 1.045. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.25 days before perigee (on March 10, 2016, at 7:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[6]

Solar eclipse of March 9, 2016
Totality with Baily's beads from Balikpapan, Indonesia
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.2609
Magnitude1.045
Maximum eclipse
Duration249 s (4 min 9 s)
Coordinates10°06′N 148°48′E / 10.1°N 148.8°E / 10.1; 148.8
Max. width of band155 km (96 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse1:58:19
References
Saros130 (52 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9543

Totality was visible from parts of Indonesia, Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southeast Asia, East Asia, Alaska, northwestern Australia, and Hawaii. If viewed from east of the International Date Line (for instance from Hawaii), the eclipse took place on March 8 (Tuesday) (local time) and elsewhere on March 9 (Wednesday).[7]

The eclipse was clearly visible in many parts of Indonesia, including Central Sulawesi and Ternate, but obscured by clouds and smokes in Palembang, the largest city on the path of totality.[8][9] The eclipse coincided with Nyepi, a public holiday in Indonesia and the end of the Balinese saka calendar. Because Nyepi is normally a day of silence, Muslims in Bali had to be given special dispensation to attend special prayer services during the eclipse.[10]

Path of the eclipse

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On March 9, 2016, a large area of the Pacific, covering Indonesia, Borneo, but also large parts of Southeast Asia and Australia, witnessed a partial solar eclipse. It was total in multiple islands of Indonesia, three atolls of the Federated States of Micronesia (Eauripik, Woleai and Ifalik) and the central Pacific, starting at sunrise over Sumatra and ending at sunset north of Hawaii. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean, the totality exceeded a duration of more than 4 minutes.[11] ed, and much of East Asia witnessed more than 50% partial eclipse.[11][12]

The largest city along the path of totality was Palembang in southern Sumatra (423 km (263 mi) from Jakarta and 478 km (297 mi) from Singapore).[9]

In order to watch the total solar eclipse, Alaska Airlines adjusted the flight plan for Flight 870. The flight passed through the umbral shadow about 695 miles (1,118 km) north of Hawaii.[13]

Maps

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Animation assembled from 13 images acquired by NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera atop the DSCOVR satellite.
 
Path of the eclipse in Southeast Asia
 
Path of the eclipse in Indonesia
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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[14]

March 9, 2016 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2016 March 08 at 23:20:28.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2016 March 09 at 00:17:05.3 UTC
First Central Line 2016 March 09 at 00:17:51.5 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2016 March 09 at 00:18:37.8 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2016 March 09 at 01:18:48.1 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2016 March 09 at 01:55:37.5 UTC
Greatest Duration 2016 March 09 at 01:57:59.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2016 March 09 at 01:58:19.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2016 March 09 at 02:06:49.1 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2016 March 09 at 08:37:36.7 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2016 March 09 at 03:37:53.0 UTC
Last Central Line 2016 March 09 at 03:38:40.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2016 March 09 at 03:39:28.6 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2016 March 09 at 04:36:03.3 UTC
March 9, 2016 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04499
Eclipse Obscuration 1.09200
Gamma 0.26092
Sun Right Ascension 23h19m17.6s
Sun Declination -04°22'46.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'06.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 23h18m58.7s
Moon Declination -04°07'40.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'33.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'46.2"
ΔT 68.1 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of March 2016
March 9
Descending node (new moon)
 March 23
Ascending node (full moon)
   
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 130		 Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 142
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Eclipses in 2016

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 130

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2015–18

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[15]

The partial solar eclipse on July 13, 2018 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2015 to 2018
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
120
 
Totality in Longyearbyen, Svalbard 		March 20, 2015
 
Total 		0.94536 125
 
Solar Dynamics Observatory
September 13, 2015
 
Partial 		−1.10039
130
 
Balikpapan, Indonesia 		March 9, 2016
 
Total 		0.26092 135
 
Annularity in L'Étang-Salé, Réunion 		September 1, 2016
 
Annular 		−0.33301
140
 
Partial from Buenos Aires, Argentina 		February 26, 2017
 
Annular 		−0.45780 145
 
Totality in Madras, OR, USA 		August 21, 2017
 
Total 		0.43671
150
 
Partial in Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina 		February 15, 2018
 
Partial 		−1.21163 155
 
Partial in Huittinen, Finland 		August 11, 2018
 
Partial 		1.14758

Saros 130

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[16]

Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200:
41 42 43
 
November 9, 1817 		 
November 20, 1835 		 
November 30, 1853
44 45 46
 
December 12, 1871 		 
December 22, 1889 		 
January 3, 1908
47 48 49
 
January 14, 1926 		 
January 25, 1944 		 
February 5, 1962
50 51 52
 
February 16, 1980 		 
February 26, 1998 		 
March 9, 2016
53 54 55
 
March 20, 2034 		 
March 30, 2052 		 
April 11, 2070
56 57 58
 
April 21, 2088 		 
May 3, 2106 		 
May 14, 2124
59 60 61
 
May 25, 2142 		 
June 4, 2160 		 
June 16, 2178
62
 
June 26, 2196

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between May 21, 1993 and May 20, 2069
May 20–21 March 9 December 25–26 October 13–14 August 1–2
118 120 122 124 126
 
May 21, 1993 		 
March 9, 1997 		 
December 25, 2000 		 
October 14, 2004 		 
August 1, 2008
128 130 132 134 136
 
May 20, 2012 		 
March 9, 2016 		 
December 26, 2019 		 
October 14, 2023 		 
August 2, 2027
138 140 142 144 146
 
May 21, 2031 		 
March 9, 2035 		 
December 26, 2038 		 
October 14, 2042 		 
August 2, 2046
148 150 152 154 156
 
May 20, 2050 		 
March 9, 2054 		 
December 26, 2057 		 
October 13, 2061 		 
August 2, 2065
158
 
May 20, 2069

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
October 19, 1808
(Saros 111) 		 
September 19, 1819
(Saros 112) 		 
August 18, 1830
(Saros 113) 		 
July 18, 1841
(Saros 114) 		 
June 17, 1852
(Saros 115)
 
May 17, 1863
(Saros 116) 		 
April 16, 1874
(Saros 117) 		 
March 16, 1885
(Saros 118) 		 
February 13, 1896
(Saros 119) 		 
January 14, 1907
(Saros 120)
 
December 14, 1917
(Saros 121) 		 
November 12, 1928
(Saros 122) 		 
October 12, 1939
(Saros 123) 		 
September 12, 1950
(Saros 124) 		 
August 11, 1961
(Saros 125)
 
July 10, 1972
(Saros 126) 		 
June 11, 1983
(Saros 127) 		 
May 10, 1994
(Saros 128) 		 
April 8, 2005
(Saros 129) 		 
March 9, 2016
(Saros 130)
 
February 6, 2027
(Saros 131) 		 
January 5, 2038
(Saros 132) 		 
December 5, 2048
(Saros 133) 		 
November 5, 2059
(Saros 134) 		 
October 4, 2070
(Saros 135)
 
September 3, 2081
(Saros 136) 		 
August 3, 2092
(Saros 137) 		 
July 4, 2103
(Saros 138) 		 
June 3, 2114
(Saros 139) 		 
May 3, 2125
(Saros 140)
 
April 1, 2136
(Saros 141) 		 
March 2, 2147
(Saros 142) 		 
January 30, 2158
(Saros 143) 		 
December 29, 2168
(Saros 144) 		 
November 28, 2179
(Saros 145)
 
October 29, 2190
(Saros 146)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123) 		 
July 8, 1842
(Saros 124) 		 
June 18, 1871
(Saros 125)
 
May 28, 1900
(Saros 126) 		 
May 9, 1929
(Saros 127) 		 
April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)
 
March 29, 1987
(Saros 129) 		 
March 9, 2016
(Saros 130) 		 
February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)
 
January 27, 2074
(Saros 132) 		 
January 8, 2103
(Saros 133) 		 
December 19, 2131
(Saros 134)
 
November 27, 2160
(Saros 135) 		 
November 8, 2189
(Saros 136)

Notes

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  1. ^ "March 8–9, 2016 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  2. ^ St Fleur, Nicholas (March 11, 2016). "This Week's Other Solar Eclipse" – via NYTimes.com.
  3. ^ "Lucky Airline Passengers to See Total Solar Eclipse From Plane". ABC News.
  4. ^ Rao, Joe (March 10, 2016). "'Tornado of Darkness': We Saw the Total Solar Eclipse from a Plane (Video)". Space.com.
  5. ^ Marletta, Gianrigo. "Total solar eclipse sweeps across Indonesia". phys.org.
  6. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  7. ^ Espenak, Fred. "Google Maps and Solar Eclipse Paths: 2001 – 2020". Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC. NASA. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
  8. ^ Graham, Chris (March 10, 2016). "Solar eclipse sweeps across Asia". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
  9. ^ a b Graham Jones (November 15, 2015). "'Completely Off the Charts': Indonesia Prepares for March 9 Eclipse". Jakata Globe. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  10. ^ "Do's and Don'ts on Nyepi: Religious Leaders in Bali Issue Guidelines for Nyepi Observance on March 9, 2016". Bali Discovery Tours. February 20, 2016. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  11. ^ a b Ade Ashford (March 8, 2016). "Get ready for the 9 March total solar eclipse". Astronomy Now. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  12. ^ PTI (March 9, 2016). "Part of total solar eclipse seen in India". Economic Times. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  13. ^ Cosgrove, Cole (7 March 2016). "Chasing the shadow of the moon: To intercept eclipse, Alaska Airlines adjusts flight plan to delight astronomers". Alaska Airlines.
  14. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 2016 Mar 09". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  15. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  16. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 2016 March 9.
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