Solar eclipse of March 20, 2034

Solar eclipse of March 20, 2034
Solar eclipse of March 20, 2034
	Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	0.2894
Magnitude	1.0458
Maximum eclipse
Duration	249 s (4 min 9 s)
Coordinates	16°06′N 22°12′E / 16.1°N 22.2°E
Max. width of band	159 km (99 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	10:18:45
References
Saros	130 (53 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9583

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, March 20, 2034,^[1] with a magnitude of 1.0458. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.3 days before perigee (on March 21, 2034, at 18:15 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.^[2]

Totality will be visible from Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, and western China.^[3] A partial eclipse will be visible for parts of eastern Brazil, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia. Coincidentally, The eclipse passes through many Islamic countries around the date of Islamic New Year (estimated around March 20–21 according to local traditions, time zone and atmospheric conditions), and also passes through Iran only a few hours before the vernal equinox, marking the beginning of the Persian New Year. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11–12 days shorter than the solar year that the Iranian calendar observes, the Islamic New Year rotates through the seasons of the year, while the Persian one is on nearly fixed date on Gregorian calendar. It is an extremely rare case that the two new years meet.

Images

Animated path

Details of totality in some places or cities

**Solar Eclipse of March 20, 2034**
Country or Territory	Place or City	Start of partial eclipse (Local Time)	Start of total eclipse (Local Time)	End of total eclipse (Local Time)	Duration of total eclipse	End of partial eclipse (Local Time)	Magnitude
Benin	Akraké	09:01:11	10:17:36	10:18:57	1 min 51 s	11:45:51	1,042
Nigeria	Lagos	09:02:04	10:18:23	10:21:02	2 min 39 s	11:47:45	1,042
Nigeria	Ikorodu	09:02:23	10:19:01	10:21:15	2 min 15s	11:48:17	1,042
Nigeria	Ondo Town	09:04:23	10:22:02	10:24:44	2 min 43 s	11:52:25	1,043
Nigeria	Benin City	09:04:36	10:22:44	10:24:58	2 min 14 s	11:53:15	1,043
Nigeria	Akure	09:05:11	10:22:57	10:25:42	2 min 44 s	11:53:35	1,043
Nigeria	Makurdi	09:10:12	10:30:39	10:33:05	2 min 26 s	12:02:58	1,044
Nigeria	Lafia	09:11:12	10:31:12	10:34:49	3 min 37 s	12:04:10	1,044
Nigeria	Gombe	09:17:38	10:40:19	10:42:52	2 min 33 s	12:13:51	1,044
Nigeria	Mubi	09:20:58	10:44:51	10:47:53	3 min 02 s	12:19:57	1,045
Cameroon	Mokolo	09:22:25	10:46:36	10:50:11	3 min 35 s	12:21:26	1,045
Cameroon	Maroua	09:23:16	10:48:38	10:50:07	1 min 29 s	12:22:31	1,045
Chad	N'Djamena	09:26:50	10:51:41	10:55:27	3 min 45 s	12:26:43	1,045
Chad	Biltine	09:41:55	11:10:53	11:12:50	1 min 57 s	12:44:43	1,046
Sudan	Abri	11:12:58	12:42:02	12:46:03	4 min 01 s	14:11:53	1,045
Sudan	Wadi Halfa	11:16:55	12:46:00	12:49:19	3 min 20 s	14:14:35	1,045
Egypt	Shalateen	11:28:41	12:56:52	13:00:11	3 min 19 s	14:22:45	1,044
Saudi Arabia	Yanbu	12:35:54	14:03:35	14:05:58	2 min 23 s	15:27:11	1,044
Saudi Arabia	Hafar Al Batin	12:58:28	14:21:18	14:23:31	2 min 12 s	15:38:34	1,042i
Kuwait	Wafra	13:03:10	14:24:25	14:27:37	3 min 12 s	15:40:52	1,041
Kuwait	Mangaf	13:03:38	14:25:09	14:27:18	2 min 09 s	15:40:53	1,041
Saudi Arabia	Khafji	13:03:53	14:25:10	14:28:03	2 min 52 s	15:41:16	1,041
Iran	Bushehr	13:39:05	14:59:16	15:01:29	2 min 13 s	16:13:30	1,041
Iran	Shiraz	13:42:53	15:01:44	15:34:15	2 min 30 s	16:14:58	1,040
Iran	Rafsanjan	13:49:44	15:06:37	15:08:37	2 min 00 s	16:17:28	1,039
Afghanistan	Farah	15:00:27	16:13:04	16:15:29	2 min 35 s	17:20:32	1,037
Afghanistan	Ghazni	15:09:19	16:18:26	16:20:19	1 min 53 s	17:22:28	1,035
Afghanistan	Jost	15:11:13	16:19:24	16:21:38	2 m 14 s	17:22:57	1,035
Pakistan	Peshawar	15:43:00	16:50:31	16:52:08	1 min 38 s	17:52:59	1,035
Pakistan	Mardan	15:43:32	16:51:10	16:51:57	47 s	17:52:59	1,034
Pakistan	Wah	15:44:23	16:51:03	16:53:13	2 min 10 s	17:53:18	1,034
Pakistan	Islamabad	15:44:44	16:51:17	16:53:24	2 min 07 s	17:53:23	1,034
Pakistan	Rawalpindi	15:44:45	16:51:24	16:53:22	1 min 58 s	17:53:26	1,034
Pakistan	Abbottabad	15:44:50	16:51:27	16:53:03	1 min 36 s	17:53:11	1,034
India	Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Region	16:16:29	17:22:07	17:24:10	2 min 03 s	18:23:25	1,034
India	Leh, Ladakh Region	16:19:08	17:23:25	17:25:24	1 min 59 s	18:53:34	1,033
China	Rutog County, Tibet Autonomous Region	18:51:23	19:54:22	19:56:11	1 min 39 s	20:45:47 (sunset)	1,032

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.^[4]

March 20, 2034 Solar Eclipse Times
Event	Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact	2034 March 20 at 07:41:11.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact	2034 March 20 at 08:38:09.7 UTC
First Central Line	2034 March 20 at 08:38:58.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact	2034 March 20 at 08:39:46.4 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact	2034 March 20 at 09:41:21.7 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction	2034 March 20 at 10:15:45.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse	2034 March 20 at 10:18:45.2 UTC
Greatest Duration	2034 March 20 at 10:19:41.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction	2034 March 20 at 10:28:24.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact	2034 March 20 at 10:55:53.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact	2034 March 20 at 11:57:34.8 UTC
Last Central Line	2034 March 20 at 11:58:24.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact	2034 March 20 at 11:59:14.9 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact	2034 March 20 at 12:56:10.5 UTC

March 20, 2034 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	1.04582
Eclipse Obscuration	1.09374
Gamma	0.28942
Sun Right Ascension	23h59m32.7s
Sun Declination	-00°02'58.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter	16'03.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	08.8"
Moon Right Ascension	23h59m11.3s
Moon Declination	00°13'42.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter	16'31.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	1°00'39.3"
ΔT	75.7 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of March–April 2034
March 20 Descending node (new moon)	April 3 Ascending node (full moon)

Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 130	Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 142

Related eclipses

Solar eclipses of 2033–2036

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.^[5]

The partial solar eclipse on July 23, 2036 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2033 to 2036
Descending node			Ascending node
Saros	Map	Gamma	Saros	Map	Gamma
120	March 30, 2033 Total	0.9778	125	September 23, 2033 Partial	−1.1583
130	March 20, 2034 Total	0.2894	135	September 12, 2034 Annular	−0.3936
140	March 9, 2035 Annular	−0.4368	145	September 2, 2035 Total	0.3727
150	February 27, 2036 Partial	−1.1942	155	August 21, 2036 Partial	1.0825

Saros 130

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.^[6]

Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200:
41	42	43
November 9, 1817	November 20, 1835	November 30, 1853
44	45	46
December 12, 1871	December 22, 1889	January 3, 1908
47	48	49
January 14, 1926	January 25, 1944	February 5, 1962
50	51	52
February 16, 1980	February 26, 1998	March 9, 2016
53	54	55
March 20, 2034	March 30, 2052	April 11, 2070
56	57	58
April 21, 2088	May 3, 2106	May 14, 2124
59	60	61
May 25, 2142	June 4, 2160	June 16, 2178
62
June 26, 2196

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between June 1, 2011 and October 24, 2098
May 31–June 1	March 19–20	January 5–6	October 24–25	August 12–13
118	120	122	124	126
June 1, 2011	March 20, 2015	January 6, 2019	October 25, 2022	August 12, 2026
128	130	132	134	136
June 1, 2030	March 20, 2034	January 5, 2038	October 25, 2041	August 12, 2045
138	140	142	144	146
May 31, 2049	March 20, 2053	January 5, 2057	October 24, 2060	August 12, 2064
148	150	152	154	156
May 31, 2068	March 19, 2072	January 6, 2076	October 24, 2079	August 13, 2083
158	160	162	164
June 1, 2087			October 24, 2098

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
January 1, 1805 (Saros 109)		October 31, 1826 (Saros 111)		August 28, 1848 (Saros 113)
July 29, 1859 (Saros 114)	June 28, 1870 (Saros 115)	May 27, 1881 (Saros 116)	April 26, 1892 (Saros 117)	March 29, 1903 (Saros 118)
February 25, 1914 (Saros 119)	January 24, 1925 (Saros 120)	December 25, 1935 (Saros 121)	November 23, 1946 (Saros 122)	October 23, 1957 (Saros 123)
September 22, 1968 (Saros 124)	August 22, 1979 (Saros 125)	July 22, 1990 (Saros 126)	June 21, 2001 (Saros 127)	May 20, 2012 (Saros 128)
April 20, 2023 (Saros 129)	March 20, 2034 (Saros 130)	February 16, 2045 (Saros 131)	January 16, 2056 (Saros 132)	December 17, 2066 (Saros 133)
November 15, 2077 (Saros 134)	October 14, 2088 (Saros 135)	September 14, 2099 (Saros 136)	August 15, 2110 (Saros 137)	July 14, 2121 (Saros 138)
June 13, 2132 (Saros 139)	May 14, 2143 (Saros 140)	April 12, 2154 (Saros 141)	March 12, 2165 (Saros 142)	February 10, 2176 (Saros 143)
January 9, 2187 (Saros 144)	December 9, 2197 (Saros 145)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
August 28, 1802 (Saros 122)	August 7, 1831 (Saros 123)	July 18, 1860 (Saros 124)
June 28, 1889 (Saros 125)	June 8, 1918 (Saros 126)	May 20, 1947 (Saros 127)
April 29, 1976 (Saros 128)	April 8, 2005 (Saros 129)	March 20, 2034 (Saros 130)
February 28, 2063 (Saros 131)	February 7, 2092 (Saros 132)	January 19, 2121 (Saros 133)
December 30, 2149 (Saros 134)	December 9, 2178 (Saros 135)