Wikipedia

Snježana Kordić

Snježana Kordić (pronounced [sɲěʒana kôːrditɕ] ⓘ; born October 29, 1964)[1] is a Croatian linguist.[3] In addition to her work in syntax, she has written on sociolinguistics.[2] Kordić is known[4] among non-specialists for her numerous articles against the puristic and prescriptive language policy in Croatia.[5] Her 2010 book on language and nationalism popularises the theory of pluricentric languages in the Balkans.[6]

Snježana Kordić
Kordić in 2010
Born (1964-10-29) 29 October 1964 (age 60)[1]
Osijek, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia
NationalityCroatian
EducationMSci, DPhil (Zagreb), Dr habil. (Münster)
Alma materUniversity of Osijek
University of Zagreb
University of Münster
OccupationLinguistics
Years active1990–present
Employer(s)Joseph George Strossmayer University of Osijek
University of Zagreb
Ruhr-University Bochum
Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster
Humboldt University of Berlin
Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
Notable workRelativna rečenica (1995)
Riječi na granici punoznačnosti (2002)
Jezik i nacionalizam (2010)[2]
Websitesnjezana-kordic.from.hr

Biography

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Education

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Snježana Kordić obtained a degree from Osijek University (1988) and an M.Sci in Linguistics from the Faculty of Philosophy at Zagreb University (1992). She earned her Ph.D. in Zagreb in 1993.[7] In 2002, she obtained a habilitation in Slavic philology (qualification at professorship level) from the University of Münster in 2002.[8]

Academic appointments

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Kordić taught and conducted research at a number of Croatian and German universities. From 1990 to 1991 she was an assistant at Osijek University, and from 1991 to 1995 she was an assistant at Zagreb University.[9] She then moved to Germany[10] and was a lecturer at the Bochum University from 1993 to 1998.[11] She later served as an associate professor at the Münster University from 1998 to 2004. After that, she was a visiting professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin from 2004 to 2005.[12] From 2005 to 2007 she was a lecturer at Frankfurt University.[12]

Works and reception

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Existential clauses (Kordić)

Snježana Kordić's main focal points in research and teaching are grammar, syntax, discourse analysis, text linguistics, textual cohesion, pragmatics, lexicology, corpus linguistics, quantitative linguistics, critical linguistics[13], sociolinguistics[14] and language policy.[15] She has authored over 150[2][16] linguistic publications, including textbooks, a grammar book, and three monographs, which have been translated into English, German or Spanish.[17] Each of her books on syntactic issues has gotten more positive reviews from around the world than any other linguistic book published in Croatia.[6][18][19]

Monograph on relative clauses in Serbo-Croatian (1995)

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Her first monograph on relative clauses[20][21] was well received.[11] Many reviewers commented favourably on it.[6] Ian Press wrote:

 
Intonation of restrictive relative clauses (Kordić)

This comprehensive study of relative clauses in Serbo-Croatian is a model of scholarly thoroughness and intellectual balance. [...] The work as a whole is most highly to be recommended to anyone studying relative clauses.

— The Slavonic and East European Review[22]

Hans-Peter Stoffel underlined:

This excellent and informative monograph should form part of the personal library of all those interested in this field. The book answers questions which have always been asked but to which one never seemed to obtain a satisfactory answer. Kordić's book fills this lacuna in a commendable way.

— New Zealand Slavonic Journal[23]

Monograph on Serbo-Croatian words on the border between lexicon and grammar (2002)

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Personal pronouns (Kordić)

In her second monograph,[24][25] which has also been reviewed with approval, Snježana Kordić examines Serbo-Croatian words that oscillate between having a full lexical status and a functional grammatical status, a factor that has complicated their lexicographic and grammatical description in dictionaries and grammars. These are mainly lexemes which have a high frequency usage and are used in many different ways. The monograph provides information on the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of the usage of selected pronouns, nouns, particle, conjunctions and verbs.[26] Matthew Feeney concluded his review by saying:

Kordić provides much new information about the selected forms. This work will be of use to those who write in Croatian and Serbian, those who are writing grammars of the language, lexicographer, translators, students and teachers of the language, Slavic linguists and general linguists.

— Slavic and East European Journal[27]

Peter Herrity emphasised that:

In all the chapters of this book the author has thoroughly researched the existing literature on the points covered and provided a conclusion on modern usage which will be invaluable for grammarians and lexicographers who often treat these subjects in a cursory fashion. This book will be a welcome addition to the field of Serbo-Croatian scholarship.

— The Slavonic and East European Review[28]
 
Frequency of relativizers (Kordić)

Wayles Browne, an American expert on relative clauses, commented both of the books. He noted that Kordić's first book on relative clauses is:

a valuable and thorough study of the grammar of relative constructions, drawing theoretical-linguistic inspiration from a number of sources and citing statistical results based on a large representative corpus.

— Canadian Slavonic Papers[26]

In the same review article, Browne pointed out that Kordić's second monograph

shares the virtues of her work on relative clauses, being empirically well supported and making references to a variety of traditions in linguistics. One is impressed to see, on its pages, apposite quotations from independently developed German, Russian, Polish, Czech, and English-American scholarship converging on similar views.

— Canadian Slavonic Papers[26]

Monograph on language and nationalism in Croatia (2010)

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Chapter titles of Kordić's book[29]

Snježana Kordić's third monograph[30][29] deals with sociolinguistic topics, such as the language policy in Croatia,[31] the theory of pluricentric languages,[32] and how identity,[33] culture,[34] nation,[35] and history[36][37] can be misused by politically motivated linguists.[7][38][39][40] Kordić asserts that since 1990, purism and prescriptivism have been the main features of language policy in Croatia.[41][42][43][44][45] A ban on certain words[46][47] perceived as "Serbian" and the idea that a word is more "Croatian" if fewer Croats understood it,[48] resulted in the widespread impression that no one but a handful of linguists in Croatia knew the standard language.[49][50][51][52]

 
Snježana Kordić 2010 and her book, Jezik i nacionalizam

With a plethora of quotations[36][39][53] from German, French, Polish, and English linguistic literature, Kordić demonstrates that the language of Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks, and Montenegrins is a polycentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[32][54][55][56][57]

These variants do differ slightly, as is the case with other polycentric languages (English, German, French, Portuguese, and Spanish,[39][58] among others),[59][60] but not to a degree which would justify considering them as different languages.[61][62][63][64][65] This fact suggests by no means a re-establishment of a common state, since standard variants of all other polycentric languages are spoken in different countries, e.g. English in the US, UK, Australia, and Canada, German in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.[49][66][67] The above examples demonstrate that the pluricentricity of language does not imply linguistic unification.[68] Each nation can codify its variant on its own.[68][69]

Kordić criticizes a romantic view of language and nation, which is widespread in Croatia.[50][70] The romantic idea that the nation and the language must match has its roots in 19th century Germany, but was abandoned by the middle of the 20th century by the scientific community.[36][66][67][71] She also argues against political interference in linguistics.[38][72][73][74][75][76]

Regarding the name of the language, Kordić discusses only the name to be used in linguistics, leaving non-linguists to name the language any way they prefer.[67][68][77][78]

The monograph generated significant media coverage.[61][66][79][80][81][82] Kordić gave over sixty interviews[83] discussing her book.[84][85] Some prominent Croatian intellectuals have praised the book.[32][34][49][86] The book also received negative criticism, in both Croatia[87][88] and Serbia, where Serbian weekly journals stated that the book is "far more dangerous for Serbian linguistics than for Croatian [linguistics]";[89] it is "destructive for the Serbs" because it "makes the language free from the Serbian tradition, it reduces the language to a symbolic-neutral communication tool, it encourages the indifference towards naming of the language and towards the number of different names given to the Serbian language".[90] In Croatia, a group, Hitrec, tried to file a lawsuit against the then active minister of culture arguing that the state should not sponsor the book.[91][92] However, the State's Attorney of Zagreb declined to prosecute.[93] The attempt itself to file the lawsuit was criticised as a "witch hunt" in parts of the Croatian media.[35][94][95][96][97][98] In 2017, Kordić's book became the inspiration[99][100] for the Declaration on the Common Language which also attracted media attention.[101]

In his review of the monograph on language and nationalism (Jezik i nacionalizam), Zoran Milutinović commented:

 
Snježana Kordić as keynote speaker at a conference in Japan (2018)[102]

Jezik i nacionalizam is a thorough, well-argued and passionately written critique of linguistic nationalism, rooted in the fear that the nation will disappear unless it has a language of its own, and of its main features: the celebration of purism, the obsession with etymologies, the equation of nation with language, the falsification of history, revisionism, and political disqualification of one's opponents. Having been for years politically disqualified and professionally defamed herself, with this book Kordić offers an exemplary gesture of how linguistics can maintain its independence, dignity and high academic standards against political manipulation.

— The Slavonic and East European Review[103]

Reviewer Goran Miljan wrote:

Kordić elaborates the ideas of language, linguistics, politics, history, culture, etc. in a well-structured and academically highly laudable manner. [...] The fierce reactions to the book cannot surprise: Whilst some intellectuals praised the book, more deemed it necessary to engage into battle against such heresy. [...] Such statements exactly demonstrate the prevailing discourse against which Kordić critically engages in her book, namely that Croatian identity, language, culture, and nation are viewed and explained as inseparable. If one tries to scientifically question one of these 'core elements' of nationhood, and tries to deconstruct them, she/he risks the possibility of becoming ostracized.

— H-Soz-u-Kult[104]

Selected publications

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See also "Complete list of publications by Snježana Kordić" (in Serbo-Croatian). bib.irb.hr.

Monographs

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Other books

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Media interviews

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In Croatia
In Bosnia
In Serbia
In Montenegro

See also

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Explanatory notes

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a. ^ The Durieux-Editor Nenad Popović was honored by the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung as one of the six persons that rendered outstanding services to peace in the world in 2010.[105] The reason for this award was the book Language and Nationalism by Snježana Kordić.[106] Süddeutsche Zeitung writes the following about the book: "In diesem Jahr machte Popovićs Verlag mit einem Buch der Autorin Snježana Kordić auf dem ganzen Balkan Furore. In ihrem Werk 'Die Sprache und der Nationalismus' kommt die in Zagreb und Münster ausgebildete Sprachwissenschaftlerin zum Schluss, dass die südslawischen Völker – Serben, Kroaten, Bosnier und Montenegriner – eine gemeinsame Standardsprache haben. Die Studie war ein Schlag ins Gesicht der Nationalisten, die nach der staatlichen Unabhängigkeit nun versuchen, das Serbokroatische, die Lingua franca der Region, zu begraben und eigene Sprachen zu erfinden."[79]

b. ^ In Croatia, Jezik i nacionalizam was among the five titles nominated for book of the decade[107] in the field of peacebuilding, nonviolence and human rights.

References

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  1. ^ a b "50. Geburtstag am 29. Oktober 2014" [50th birthday on October 29, 2014] (in German). geboren.am. 29 October 2014. Archived from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b c "Snježana Kordić" (PDF). Mediterranean Faces of Science. Seneca Foundation - Science and Technology Agency of the Region of Murcia. Mednight has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101036107. 18 September 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  3. ^ Nosovitz, Dan (11 February 2019). "What Language Do People Speak in the Balkans, Anyway?". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on 11 February 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
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  6. ^ a b c Mančić, Milica (8 March 2015). "Osmi mart: deset inspirativnih žena" [Eighth march: ten inspiring women] (in Serbo-Croatian). SEEbiz. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  7. ^ a b Autograf.hr (12 June 2014). "Obavezna lektira: Jezik i nacionalizam (isječci iz novinskih prikaza)" [Required reading: Language and Nationalism (Excerpts from newspaper book reviews)] (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Autograf. ISSN 1849-143X. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
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  39. ^ a b c Díaz, Juan Cristóbal (10 February 2014). "El nacionalismo lingüístico: una ideología pandémica" [Linguistic nationalism: a pandemic ideology (Interview with Snježana Kordić)] (PDF) (in Spanish). Madrid: Euphonía Ediciones. CROSBI 688741. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  40. ^ Vučić, Nikola (10 June 2016). "Knjiga "Jezik i nacionalizam" Snježane Kordić kao manifest otpora" [The book "Language and Nationalism" by Snježana Kordić, as the resistance manifesto] (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Autograf. ISSN 1849-143X. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  41. ^ Jacobsen, Per (21 January 2011). "Kampen om sproget er en kamp om national identitet" [Struggle for language is a struggle for national identity]. Kristeligt Dagblad (in Danish). Copenhagen. ISSN 0904-6054. Archived from the original on 3 July 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.; — (27 January 2011). "Knjiga koja ugrožava" [A Dangerous Book] (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: H-alter. ISSN 1847-3784. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
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  52. ^ Kordić, Snježana (5 January 2012). "Institut kao pokriće za cenzuru!" [Institute as alibi for censorship]. Jutarnji List (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb. p. 18. ISSN 1331-5692. Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
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  54. ^ Pančić, Teofil (18 November 2010). "Briljantno razvejavanje ovejanih suština" [Brilliant disclosure of dimmed essences]. Vreme: Nedeljnik (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Vreme.com. pp. 52–53. ISSN 0353-8028. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
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  75. ^ Snježana Kordić's presentation at the meeting of the Croatian PEN center 2013 on YouTube (3 mins) (in Serbo-Croatian)
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