Slopping out is the manual emptying of human waste when prison cells are unlocked in the morning. Inmates without a flush toilet in the cell have to use other means (formerly a chamber pot, then a bucket, now often a chemical toilet) while locked in during the night. The reason that some cells do not have toilets is that they date from the Victorian era and were therefore not designed with plumbing. As a result, there is no space in which to put a toilet, together with the expense and difficulty of installing the necessary pipes.
"Dirty Protest"
editDuring the late 1970s, Provisional IRA volunteers protested against conditions of internment at HM Prison Maze by refusing to slop out and instead smearing their faeces on the cell walls. This was later referred to as the Dirty protest, part of several acts of disobedience within the "H-Blocks" culminating in the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike.
Phasing out
editSlopping out was allegedly abolished in England and Wales by 1996, although Private Eye in 2011 reported that Prisons Inspector Nick Hardwick stated that it still persisted at HMP Gloucester.[1]
It was scheduled to be abolished in Scotland by 1999.[2][3] Due to budget restraints the abolition was delayed, and by 2004 prisoners in five of Scotland's sixteen prisons still had to slop out.[2] Slopping out ended in HM Young Offenders Institution Polmont in 2007, leaving HM Prison Peterhead as the last Scottish prison where prisoners did not have access to plumbing; 300 prisoners had to use chemical toilets due to the difficulty of installing modern plumbing in the prison's granite structure.[4][5] Peterhead ultimately closed in December 2013.[6]
Slopping out is still in practice in prisons in the Republic of Ireland.[7] Speaking at the launch of the Irish Human Rights Commission's Annual Report for 2009, the Green Party Junior Minister for Integration Mary White said it was time to move on from the Victorian practice. Slopping out was eradicated in Dublin's Mountjoy Prison by the end of 2013[8] and in Cork Prison in 2016.[9] However, the practice continues at Limerick Prison.[10][11]
Other
editA "potwalloper" was a trusty prisoner who made sure the buckets were emptied and cleaned each morning. He did not do the cleaning himself, but he was responsible for making sure that other prisoners did.
See also
edit
- Manual scavenging, a system of emptying "dry" toilets
- Bucket toilet
References
edit- ^ "Very sloppy". Private Eye No. 1280. 21 January 2011. p. 31.
- ^ a b Shirley English (27 April 2004). "A daily ritual for one fifth of Scots inmates". The Times. London. Retrieved 3 April 2008.[dead link]
- ^ "Inmates lose 'slopping out' claim". BBC News Online. 12 August 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- ^ "Slopping out payments to be made". BBC. 15 September 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ Lucy Adams (25 October 2007). "Slopping out cash that was diverted away from prisons". The Herald. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ "Notorious Peterhead prison closes its doors". scotsman.com. The Scotsman. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ The Times article on Inspector of Irish Prisons (Archive)
- ^ Conor Lally (19 June 2013). "Burglary rates down 10% in Dublin, Shatter tells Oireachtas Committee". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ "Slopping out ended in Cork Prison". www.iprt.ie.
- ^ "Nineteen inmates 'slopping out' in Limerick Prison". www.limerickleader.ie. 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Construction company challenges awarding of €53m Limerick Prison contract". Irish Examiner. 8 October 2018.