29°27′49″N 34°51′36″E / 29.46352°N 34.85991°E
The Salah El-Din Castle is located on Pharaoh's Island in northwestern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt.[1][2] The castle is composed from two parts (Northern and Southern).
History
editIt has been claimed that this was built by Baldwin I, who was the King of Jerusalem, in 1116 AD because the island was situated on a place of strategical importance: in the crossroads of trade and pilgrim routes from Egypt (Sinai) and Syro-Palestine to the Arab Peninsula with holy Mecca. The Crusaders allegedly pursued two objectives: for one thing, to defend southeastern corner of the Kingdom of Jerusalem against its Muslim neighbours, for another, to exact a ransom from the passing Muslim pilgrims.[3] Location of the castle was easily defendable on high ground, in the narrowest part on the Gulf of Aqaba.[2][4] According to Prof Adrian Boas there is, however, no evidence of Frankish occupation of the island.[5] Fulcher of Chartres mentions that when King Baldwin travelled down to the city of Elim (Ailah), the locals fled to the island by boat, but he does not describe the Franks pursuing them or taking the island.[6]
The castles played a major rule in the Crusades, Mamluk and Ottoman eras.[2] A battle allegedly took place on the island in about 1170 where the fortress was captured by Salah El-Din, who largely expanded the fortress. It unclear who he captured it from, however, and there are no records of a Frankish garrison being present. After that period the Mamelukes and Ottomans had some further additions to the fortress.[4] The fortress has many small rooms, which include sleeping quarters for troops, bathhouses, and kitchens with huge ovens. There are towers for pigeons, which were used for relaying messages and also circular towers for archers.
References
edit- ^ Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Said Aly Sinai, the meaning and importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
- ^ "Two citadels in Sinai from the Saladin period (Al-Gundi and Pharaoh's island)". World Heritage Tentative List. UNESCO. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Fortress of Pharaoh's Island". Memphis Tours. Memphis Tours. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
- ^ "On Islomania". Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem 1095-1127, trans. F.R. Ryan. New York, 1969, II.56, pp. 215-16.
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