Ronald K. Hoeflin (born February 23, 1944)[1] is an American librarian by profession, philosopher and amateur psychometrician.[2][3] He is the creator of the Mega[4][5][2] and Titan[6] intelligence tests.
Ronald K. Hoeflin | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 23, 1944 (age 80) Ochlocknee, Georgia, U.S. |
| Alma mater | The New School |
| Parent(s) | William Eugene Hoeflin Mary Elizabeth Dell |
Biography
editHoeflin was born on February 23, 1944, in Ochlocknee[7] to William Eugene Hoeflin and Mary Elizabeth Dell Hoeflin.[1] Hoeflin grew up in St Louis, Missouri.
In 1987 he earned a doctorate in philosophy from the New School for Social Research with a thesis titled "The Root-metaphor theory: A critical appraisal of Stephen C. Pepper's theory of metaphysics through an analysis of its interpretation of the concepts of truth, beauty, and goodness."[8]
In 1988, Hoeflin won the American Philosophical Association's Rockefeller Prize "for the best unpublished, article-length work in philosophy by a non-academically affiliated philosopher in a given year." This was awarded for his article, Theories of Truth: A Comprehensive Synthesis.[9] His article argues for the interrelated nature of seven leading theories of truth.[10]
For over a decade, he worked on a thirteen-volume treatise titled "The Encyclopedia of Categories", which has been published in 2020 online and is available for free download.[11][12][13]
Intelligence tests and societies
editFor over sixty years, psychologists such as Leta Stetter Hollingworth, author of the book Children Above 180 IQ, have suggested that people with extremely high IQs are radically different from the general population. Identifying such people would require IQ tests with reliability not currently available for extreme ranges of IQ.[14]
Ronald Hoeflin has been a member of various high IQ societies, including Mensa and Intertel. He cofounded the Triple Nine Society, and founded the Mega Society.[15] He claims an IQ of 164, stating his scores have ranged from 125 to 175, depending upon the cognitive abilities tapped into.[16]
Hoeflin attempted, along with Kevin Langdon, to develop an IQ test that could measure adult IQs greater than three standard deviations from the population median, or IQ 145 (sd 15). Hoeflin's Mega Test was an unsupervised IQ test without time limit consisting of 48 questions, half verbal and half mathematical. It was published in Omni magazine, in April 1985, and the results were used to norm the test. Hoeflin standardized the test six times, using equipercentile equating with SAT and other scores, and some extrapolation at the highest level.[17]
The Mega Test, among other IQ tests, has been criticised for blurring specific domain knowledge with generalised intelligence, although "most psychologists can agree that they measure something valuable."[18] The test's attempt to measure high IQ at the tail of the normal distribution has been academically evaluated. Although it is an innovative attempt to create a test that would evaluate very high IQ, the nature of the test - self administered without time limit - which was chosen for pragmatic reasons, would not necessarily measure general intelligence, but could measure resourcefulness or some other factor. The frequent renorming of the test by its author was non standard but also innovative. Nevertheless it contained well known statistical flaws, such as sample self selection. The analysis could not therefore validate the conclusions. Attempts to eke out discrimination at the hundredth or thousandth percentile were clearly overwhelmed by the test's standard error, given that there were only 48 questions. The questions, too, were criticised for being structured with insufficient sensitivity to the detection of knowledge, because of the question format used. The test was thus described as not so much number crunching as "nothing short of number pulverisation".[2]
In 1990, Hoeflin created the Titan Test, also published in Omni.[6]
Societies Founded by Ronald Hoeflin
editBelieving that people at the highest IQ levels would be able easily to communicate with each other and have much in common, Hoeflin founded several societies for those with the highest scores.[19] These societies are (along with year founded, percentile, and minimum IQ (sd 16)):
| Society | Year founded | Acceptance Percentile | Acceptance IQ (SD 16) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prometheus Society | 1982 | 99.997 | 164 |
| Mega Society | 1982 | 99.9999 | 176 |
| The following four groups belong to the Ronald K. Hoeflin Society | |||
| Top One Percent Society | 1989 | 99 | 137 |
| One-in-a-Thousand Society | 1992 | 99.9 | 150 |
| Epimetheus Society | 2006 | 99.997 | 164 |
| Omega Society | 2006 | 99.9999 | 176 |
References
edit- ^ a b Hoeflin, Ronald. "About the Author." Noesis, Issue #176 February 2005.
- ^ a b c Carlson, Roger D. (1991). "The Mega Test". In Keyser, Daniel; Sweetland, Richard (eds.). Test Critiques. Vol. VIII. Kansas City (MO): Test Corporation of America. pp. 431–435. ISBN 0-89079-254-2. ISSN 1553-9121.
Although the approach that Hoeflin takes is interesting, inventive, intellectually stimulating, and internally consistent, it violates many good psychometric principles by overinterpreting the weak data of a self-selected sample.
- ^ Hoeflin, Ronald K. (February 2021). "Author's Autobiography" (PDF). Noesis: The Journal of the Mega Society (207): 118–163. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
- ^ Morris, Scot. "The one-in-a-million I.Q. test". Omni magazine, April 1985, pp 128-132.
- ^ Republic Magazine, November 1985, "Beyond Mensa," by Catherine Seipp
- ^ a b "Mind Games: the hardest IQ test you'll ever love suffering through", Omni magazine, pp 90 ff, April 1990
- ^ "Ronald K. Hoeflin". geni_family_tree. 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
- ^ "THE ROOT-METAPHOR THEORY: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF STEPHEN C. PEPPER'S THEORY OF METAPHYSICS THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF ITS INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF TRUTH, BEAUTY, AND GOODNESS - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
- ^ Prizes and Awards (American Philosophical Association
- ^ Proceedings, "News from the National Office". Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 62, No. 4. (Mar., 1989), pp. 691.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Categories [Volume 1-13]". USIA: United Sigma Intelligence Association. 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2021-05-09.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Aviv, Rachel (2006-08-02). "The Intelligencer". Village Voice. Archived from the original on 2007-02-11. Retrieved 2006-08-02. This article is primarily a biography of and interview with Dr Hoeflin
- ^ Knight, Sam (2009-04-10). "Is a high IQ a burden as much as a blessing?". Financial Times (London). Retrieved 2006-04-20. This article has a section which contains a biography of and interview with Dr Hoeflin
- ^ Perleth, Christoph; Schatz, Tanja; Mönks, Franz J. (2000). "Early Identification of High Ability". In Heller, Kurt A.; Mönks, Franz J.; Sternberg, Robert J.; et al. (eds.). International Handbook of Giftedness and Talent (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Pergamon. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-08-043796-5.
norm tables that provide you with such extreme values are constructed on the basis of random extrapolation and smoothing but not on the basis of empirical data of representative samples.
- ^ Hoeflin, Ronald (July 1987). "About the Editor" (PDF). Noesis, the Journal of the Noetic Society. 16: 11.
I have been a member of all six high-IQ societies listed in the Encyclopedia of Associations: Mensa, Intertel, the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry, the Triple Nine Society, the Prometheus Society, and the Mega Society — but I currently belong to only three of these: Mensa, Triple Nine, and Prometheus. I am the founder of Prometheus and of the Noetic Society (formerly called the Titan Society). I consider myself the founder of the Mega Society, although some argue that Chris Harding has at least equal claim to that status. I am also a co-founder of the Triple Nine Society. Thus, I have been at least partly responsible for the establishment of four of the seven currently active high-IQ societies.
- ^ Sager, Mike (November 1999). "The Smartest Man in America". Esquire. Archived from the original on 2009-05-02. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ Membership Committee (1999). "1998/99 Membership Committee Report". Prometheus Society. Archived from the original on 2006-07-17. Retrieved 2006-07-26.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Aviv, Rachel (25 July 2006). "The Intelligencer". The Village Voice. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
- ^ A Short (and Bloody) History of the High I.Q. Societies Archived 2013-09-22 at the Wayback Machine