Rhabdosargus haffara, the haffara seabream or Haffara stumpnose, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.
| Rhabdosargus haffara | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Rhabdosargus |
| Species: | R. haffara
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| Binomial name | |
| Rhabdosargus haffara (Fabricius, 1775)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy
editRhabdosargus haffara was first formally described in 1775 by the Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius with no type locality given, although it is thought to be the Red Sea.[3] Fabricius based his description on notes written by Peter Forsskål.[4] The genus Rhabdosargus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae,[6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[5]
Etymology
editRhabdosargus haffara belongs to the genus Rhabdosargus, a name which is a refixes rhabdos, meaning "stick" or "rod", an allusion to the yellow abdominal band of Sargus auriventris, its type species, to Sargos, a name used for Sparid fish in ancient Greek at least as long ago as Aristotle but in this case is a reference to Sargus as a synonym of Diplodus. The specific name, haffara, is the Arabic name for this species in the Red Sea.[7]
Description
editRhabdosargus haffara has an oval, compressed deep body in whichthe depth fits into the standard length between 2.5 and 3 times. The large head has a convex dorsal profile, strongest at the level of the eyes. The dorsal fin is supported by 11 or 12 spines and between 11 and 14 soft rays while there are 3 spines and 10 or 11 soft rays supporting the anal fin. The flange of the preoperculum has no scales. The overall colour of the body is silvery grey with golden or bluish tints on the upper body. There is a dark spot at the front end of the lateral line and another at the origin of the pectoral fin. The fins are translucent and pinkish in colour.[8] This species has a maximum published total length of 35 cm (14 in), although 20 cm (7.9 in) is more typical.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editRhabdosargus haffara is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean in the Red Sea and in the southern Persian Gulf.[1] It has been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel, presumed to have been a Lessepsian migrant, although it does not seem to have become established there.[9] It is found at depths greater than 10 m (33 ft)[2] around coral reefs and in areas of sand or sand-mud substrates.[1]
Biology
editRhabdosargus haffara uses its molar-like teeth to crush hard shelled prey such as molluscs and crustaceans. It has planktonic eggs and larvae.[9]
Fisheries
editRhabdosargus haffara is frequently abundant in fish markets around the Persian Gulf where it is caught using Gillnetting, seine nets, fish traps and handlines. In the northern Red Sea the haffara seabream is one of the most important species of seabream that is targeted by the commercial fisheries. It has also been used in aquaculture in the Gulf of Suez.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Russell, B.; Mann, B.Q.; Buxton, C.D.; et al. (2014). "Rhabdosargus haffara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170165A1285626. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170165A1285626.en. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Rhabdosargus haffara". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Rhabdosargus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ Fricke, R. (2008). "Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 1–76.
- ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
- ^ a b F. Briand, ed. (2021). "Pagrus major". Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (PDF). CIESM Publishers.