The revolution of 1951 (Nepali: सात सालको क्रान्ति, romanized: Sāta Sālako Krānti) in Nepal, also referred to as Sat Salko Kranti, was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal which had lasted for 104 years.
| 1951 Nepalese Revolution | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Nepalese democracy movement | |||||||
 Leading figures of the Nepali Congress and King Tribhuvan | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Rana dynasty | Nepali Congress | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Mohan Shumsher | Nepali Congress leader | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
Military dead: 1600 |
Military dead: 900 | ||||||
Background of Rana regime
editOrganization for revolution
editPopular dissatisfaction with the Ranas began to surface among educated individuals, including many from within the Rana ruling class who supported more democratic views. Some Nepalese who had participated in the Indian independence movement and experienced exile were eager to liberate Nepal from Rana rule. These individuals sought to bring about political change and end the Rana regime in Nepal.
Uprisings and incidents
editNepal Praja Parishad
editThe founding of the Nepal Praja Parishad was proposed by Dashrath Chand and Tanka Prasad Acharya in a hotel in Bhimphedi, Makwanpur District of Nepal. It was founded in 1936 when they received the support of additional people including Dharma Bhakta Mathema among others.[1] The organization's head office was kept in Dharma Bhakta Mathema's house in OmBahal.[2]
National congress
editOn January 26, 1947, the Nepali National Congress was formed in India under the leadership of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. Since establishment Congress organized underground activities but on March 4, 1947 (Falgun, 2003 B.S.) Workers of Biratnagar Jute mill demonstrated and started striking against the management.[3]: 62 under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. Nepali National Congress participated in this Biratnagar jute mill strike, supporting the strikers[3]: 61 and demanded a Political labour union.
Jayatu Sanskritam
editKing Tribhuvan's exile
edit
Nepali Congress's Liberation Army
editAfter King Tribhuvan fled to the Indian embassy, the Nepali Congress Party launched a military wing called Nepali Congress's Liberation Army, and started an armed uprising against the Rana rule.[4]
Delhi Accord
editAfter a mutual agreement between Ranas, Nepali Congress and King Tribhuvan, a tripartite agreement was signed in Delhi. Finally, On February 18, 1951 (7th Falgun 2007 B.S.), King Tribhuvan returned to Nepal as head of state.
Formation of the Coalition Government
editOn 15 February 1951, King Tribhuvan and the leading members of the Nepali Congress returned to Kathmandu.
From the Ranas:
- 1. Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana - Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs
- 2. Baber Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana- (younger brother of Mohan Shamsher; was in line for the next premiership) - Defence
- 3. Chudraj Shamsher - ("B" class Rana representative) - Forests
- 4. Nripa Janga Rana - ("C" class Rana representative) - Education
- 5. Yagya Bahadur Basnyat - (Rana Bhardar) - Health and Local self-government
From the Nepali Congress side:
- 1. B.P. Koirala - Home[5]
- 2. Subarna Shamsher Rana- (even though a Rana, he was a key member of the Nepali Congress) - Finance
- 3. Ganesh Man Singh - Commerce and Industry
- 4. Bharatmani Sharma - Food and Agriculture
- 5. Bhadrakali Mishra - Transport
This cabinet was reshuffled on 10 June 1951 to replace Baber Shamsher by Shangha Shamsher and Bharatmani Sharma by Surya Prasad Upadhyaya
Aftermath
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Brown, T.L. (1996), The Challenge to Democracy in Nepal, New York: Routledge, p. 16, ISBN 9780415085762
- ^ Asha, S.P. Hami Le Prajatantra Kasari Lyayau. Kathmandu: Sanhila Prakashan.
- ^ a b Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC. Archived from the original on 2024-09-02. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ^ T. Louise Brown (1 November 2002). The Challenge to Democracy in Nepal. Routledge. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-1-134-88533-6.
- ^ "Nepali Congress". Archived from the original on 2016-12-07. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ Samiti, Rastriya Samachar (15 June 2017). "Jayatu Sanskritam marked". The Himalayan Times. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
- ^ Samiti, Rastriya Samachar (15 June 2017). "Jayatu Sanskritam marked". myRepublica. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ Snellinger, Amanda Therese (2018). Making New Nepal: From Student Activism to Mainstream Politics. University of Washington Press. pp. 35–6. ISBN 9780295743097. Archived from the original on 2 September 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
- ^ Adhikari, Radheshyam (30 June 2017). "Shuttered schools | From the Nepali Press | Nepali Times". archive.nepalitimes.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
- ^ cheena (23 June 2009). "Nepal". cheena-nepal.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2015.