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Puadh

Puadh (IAST: [puādha], sometimes anglicized as Poadh or Powadh) is a historic region in north India that comprises parts of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and the U.T. of Chandigarh, India. It has the Sutlej river in its north and covers the regions immediately south of the Ghaggar river. The people of the area are known as Puadhi and speak the Puadhi dialect of Mixture of Haryanvi & Punjabi. The capital cities of Puadh region are Rupnagar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Mohali, Patiala, Sangrur, Mansa (south east) Chandigarh, Nalagarh, Panchkula, Baddi, Ambala, Yamunanagar.

Puadh consists of the eastern districts of Punjab, the north-western portions of Haryana and the south-eastern strip of Himachal Pradesh.
This map shows the region of north India that falls under Puadh.
Ghaggar river Chandigarh, Mohali. The Ghaggar river flows through the Puadh region
The Punjab ("Five Rivers" and Ghaggar river); a physical map from "Companion Atlas to the Gazeteer of The World

Etymology

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The word Puadh is a conjugation of two words of the language: pūrava meaning eastern and āddha meaning half.[1] The term refers to the eastern half of the Punjab region.

Extent

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Puadh lies between Satluj and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers

Puadh generally lies between the Sutlej and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and south, south-east and east of Rupnagar district adjacent to Ambala district (in Haryana).[2]

Punjab

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In Punjab:

Haryana

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In Haryana, Pinjore,[11] Panchkula, Naraingarh, Kalka, Ambala, Shahabad, Karnal, and Yamunanagar districts fall within Puadh. Other areas include Jagadhri, Kalesar, Pehowa, and Gulha tehsil[12] of Kaithal district.

These areas are almost have equally share of major communities in different parts such as Rajputs, jats and Gujjars. Kalesar is last village of Haryana in north dominated by Gujjars and jagadhri have large of number Gujjars community Villages whereas Ambala have good share of Rajput voters and 30-50 villages of Gujjars and Jats. There are many big rajput villages in panchkula and various small villages of gujjars as well. Ramgarh and raipur rani were jagirs ruled hy kshatriya rajputs in panchkula, former belonged to chandel clan and latter one was ruled by chauhans..

Uttar Pradesh

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In the state of Uttar Pradesh it is spoken mainly in the Northern districts which border North Haryana districts and South Himachal Pradesh district. The districts where it is spoken are-

  • Badshahibagh
  • Behat
  • Saharanpur
  • Gangoh
  • Deoband

These regions are mostly dominated by thakurs of pundir clan and gujjars.

Himachal Pradesh

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Nalagarh,[13] Baddi, Mahlog[14] (Solan district)[15] and Kala Amb[16] (Sirmaur district) in Himachal Pradesh lies in the east of Puadh, which separates the states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.

Chandigarh

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Chandigarh falls within the Puadh region.[17]

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  •  
    Sarai Lashkari (Doraha)
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    Guru Gobind Singh Bhawan. Punjabi University, Patiala
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    Statues made of waste Bangles at Rock Garden, Chandigarh
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    Morni Hills and Tikkar Taal, Haryana
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    Thaan (shrine) in Dera village Bakarpur, Mohali
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    Stupa Base, Sanghol (Fategarh Sahib district)
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    Ruins of Indus Valley Civilization, Punjab (Rupnagar)
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    Tomb of Shagird village Talania Sirhind
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    Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India
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    SD College, Ambala
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    Mandir in Pehowa, Haryana
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    Kalka–Shimla Railway
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    NSMK Institute of Advanced Studies, Malerkotla
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    View of city from the Palace Nalagarh Princely State

Culture

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Shrine of Bhagat Aasa Ram Baidwan, the popular folk artist of Puadhi Akhada tradition of Punjab, village Sohana, district S.A.S Nagar, Punjab India
 
Rabbi Singh Beronpuri Folk Singer of Puadh sub cultural region of Punjab, India

Puadh is often wrongly included in Malwa (Punjab) by the media.[18] The region had its own poets even at Akbar's court such as Mai Banno of Banur. More recent poets include Bhagat Asa Ram Baidwan of Sohana. The Dhadd Sarangi and Kavishri singing originated in Puadh and also different types of Akharas such as that of Rabbi Bhaironpuri. Puadh consists only a small quantity of Punjab. The Majha, Malwa (Punjab), and Doaba make up majority of the Punjab.

Puadhi language

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Main article: Puadhi language
 
Map of Punjabi dialects in Punjab region

The dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in Puadh is called Puadhi. It is spoken by the people of Chandigarh, Baltana, Zirakpur, Rajpura, Ghanaur, and Devigarh region of Patiala district, Banur region, villages of Mohali, and some region of Ropar district in Punjab, southern villages of Sangrur (moonak), Mansa (Bareta sub tehsil) whereas in Haryana in villages of Ambala Fatehabad Tohana Nalagarh, Baddi and Panchkula districts people speak this language. Also, the region of Ismailabad and Shahbad of Kurukshetra speak this language, also a tehsil of Sadhaura of Yamunanagar district.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ (which were transferred from the then Sirhind tehsil of Patiala district to Ludhiana in 1963 with Doraha then part of Payal sub-tehsil)[7]

References

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  1. ^ The Tribune (05.11.2006) PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej Puadh Darpan Edited by Manmohan Singh Daon Punjabi Sath-Panj Nad Parkashan, Lambra (Jalandhar) [1]
  2. ^ "Powadh or Puadh or Powadha is a region of Punjab and parts of Haryana between the Satluj and Ghaggar rivers. The part lying south, south-east and east of Rupnagar adjacent to Ambala District (Haryana) is Powadhi".
  3. ^ Farmers of India, Volume 1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
  4. ^ Transactions of the Institute of Indian Geographers, Volume 19 (1997) Department of Geography, University of Poona [2]
  5. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers, Part 1 (1919)
  6. ^ Proceedings, Volume 23. (1990) Punjabi University
  7. ^ Punjab district gazetteers, Volume 1 (1970)
  8. ^ Sukhawindara Siṅgha Saṅghā, (2006) Indian Institute of Language Studies Panjabi Phonology: A Sociolinguistic Study [3]
  9. ^ Banarsi Das Jain (1934) A Phonology of Panjābī: As Spoken about Ludhiana, and A Ludhiānī Phonetic Reader. University of Punjab [4]
  10. ^ Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A & B, Village & town directory; Village & townwise primary census abstract [5]
  11. ^ Gajrana, S. (1994) Peasants, landlords, and princes, 1920-56, Volume 1. Rima Pub. House,[6]
  12. ^ Singh, Jasbir (1976) An Agricultural Geography of Haryana. Vishal publications [7]
  13. ^ Link, Volume 8, Issues 1-25. United India Periodicals, 1965
  14. ^ Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh
  15. ^ Minakshi Chaudhry (2007)Destination Himachal: Over 132 Offbeat and 12 Popular Getaways. Rupa and Co. [8]
  16. ^ Spectrum (05.11.2006( PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej [9]
  17. ^ Pakha Sanjam, Volume 14 (1981) Punjabi University
  18. ^ "Major Punjabi Dialects".

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