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Pinkenba, Queensland

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Pinkenba (/ˌpɪŋkənˈbɑː/ PING-kən-BAH) is a town and eastern coastal suburb within the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[3][4] In the 2021 census, Pinkenba had a population of 350 people.[1]

Pinkenba
Brisbane, Queensland
Bulwer Island, 2010
Pinkenba is located in Queensland
Pinkenba
Pinkenba
Map
Coordinates27°24′21″S 153°08′27″E / 27.4058°S 153.1408°E / -27.4058; 153.1408 (Pinkenba (centre of suburb))
Population350 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density19.2/km2 (49.8/sq mi)
Postcode(s)4008
Area18.2 km2 (7.0 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC 10:00)
Location10.4 km (6 mi) ENE of Brisbane CBD
LGA(s)City of Brisbane
(Hamilton Ward)[2]
State electorate(s)Clayfield
Federal division(s)Lilley
Suburbs around Pinkenba:
Brisbane Airport Moreton Bay Port of Brisbane
Brisbane Airport Pinkenba Lytton
Eagle Farm Murarrie Hemmant

Geography

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Pinkenba is a long narrow strip of land on the northern side of the Brisbane River, facing Moreton Bay, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Brisbane central business district. The area is spatially isolated from other residential suburbs and is bounded by the Brisbane Airport to west, Moreton Bay to the north, and the Brisbane River to the east.[5]

The neighbourhood of Myrtletown is at the northern end of the suburb of Pinkenba (27°23′31″S 153°08′01″E / 27.3919°S 153.1336°E / -27.3919; 153.1336 (Myrtletown (neighbourhood))).[6]

The neighbourhood of Bulwer Island is in the centre of the suburb (27°24′35″S 153°08′11″E / 27.4097°S 153.1363°E / -27.4097; 153.1363 (Bulwer Island (neighbourhood))).[7]

The former suburb of Meeandah, now a neighbourhood, is located (27°25′47″S 153°06′25″E / 27.4297°S 153.1069°E / -27.4297; 153.1069 (Meeandah (neighbourhood))) at the southern end of the suburb of Pinkenba.[8][9]

Pinkenba has the following headlands:

The land use is mostly industrial except for a small residential area at the town centre.[5]

History

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Pinkenba is situated in the Yugarabul traditional Aboriginal country.[13] The Turrbal people are custodians within the Yugurabul traditional country. The name Pinkenba comes from the Turrbal word binkinba, which means "place of land tortoise".[14]

The former suburb of Meeandah took its name from the now disused Meeandah railway station on the Pinkenba railway line, which in turn was named after a corruption of the Greek word meander, and referred to Serpentine Creek which flowed through the area, but has subsequently been converted into a drain due to the development of Brisbane Airport. The name is often thought to be an Aboriginal word.[15][16][17]

Bulwer Island was named after Lord Edward Bulwer-Lytton who, as the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, separated Queensland from New South Wales in 1859.[7] As the name suggests, it was originally an island in the Brisbane River which became permanently attached to the mainland through a land reclamation project in the 1960s.[18]

Boggy Creek State School opened on 22 February 1875. It was renamed Myrtle State School in 1888. In 1900, it was renamed Pinkenba State School.[19] With student numbers falling to 6 students, the school was mothballed on 31 December 2008 and closed on 31 December 2010.[20][21][22] It was located at 248 Eagle Farm Road, on the corner of Serpentine Road (27°25′13″S 153°07′18″E / 27.4202°S 153.1218°E / -27.4202; 153.1218 (Pinkenba State School (former))).[23][24][25] The school's website was archived.[26]

 
Estate map of the Town of Pinkenba, Brisbane, Queensland, 1892

In 1892, the opening of the Queensland Meat Export and Agency Company's meatworks in Pinkenba necessitated the establishment of a town where workers could live close to their work. On 15 October 1892, there was an auction of 40 allotments of land in the new town of Pinkenba. That land was bounded by the present-day streets of McBride Road to the west, Serpentine Road to the north, and Eagle Farm Road to the south-east (27°25′19″S 153°07′11″E / 27.4219°S 153.1197°E / -27.4219; 153.1197 (Town of Pinkenba estate)).[27]

A postal receiving office was opened in 1892, becoming Pinkenba Post Office in 1897.[28] In 1969, it was on the north-eastern corner of Hopper Street and McBride Street (27°25′21″S 153°07′08″E / 27.4224°S 153.1190°E / -27.4224; 153.1190 (Pinkenba Post Office (1969))).[29]

On Saturday 15 December 1900, auctioneers Isles, Love & Co offered 42 suburban allotments and seven farm sites for sale in the Cluya Road area (27°24′51″S 153°07′31″E / 27.4142°S 153.1254°E / -27.4142; 153.1254 (The Port Brisbane Estate)).[30][31][32]

In 1902, a Baptist church opened in Pinkenba.[33][34] Prior to the opening of the church, the Baptist congregation met in Harris's Hall. A stump-capping ceremony for the new church was held on Monday 11 November 1901.[35] The church officially opened on New Year's Day, 1 January 1902.[36]

In 1902, a spur line was built from Pinkenba to the wharf, to facilitate the movement of goods. In 1909, a separate railway wharf was constructed.[37]

Pinkenba Wharf was the point of embarkation for many World War I soldiers. The Pinkenba & District War Memorial commemorates those from the district who served and died in the war. The memorial was unveiled on 16 August 1919 by the Queensland Governor, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams.[38][39]

Pinkenba Presbyterian Church opened in 1915. In 1969, it was on the north-eastern corner of McBride Street and Esker Street (27°25′17″S 153°07′09″E / 27.4213°S 153.1193°E / -27.4213; 153.1193 (Pinkenba Presbyterian Church)).[29] It was demolished circa 1980.[40]

Pinkenba Rail Post Office opened at the Pinkenba railway station in mid 1915 and closed in April 1954.[28]

Brisbane's first sewerage treatment plant was officially opened at Luggage Point on 23 November 1923. It was Australia's first full-scale sewerage treatment plant, a key component of Brisbane's sewerage scheme which commended in March 1914. It was serviced by an electric tramway.[41][42][43][44][45]

 
Seaplane S.23, Coriolanus, moored at Pinkenba in 1939

Myrtletown State School opened on 1924 and closed on 19 February 1971. It occupied the northern part of the block bounded by Main Beach Road, School Road (now Lewandowski Drive) and Sandmere Street (27°23′21″S 153°08′28″E / 27.3893°S 153.1412°E / -27.3893; 153.1412 (Myrtetown State School (former))).[19][23]

St Matthias' Anglican Church was dedicated on 14 February 1925 by Canon de Witt Batty. It closed circa 1981.[46] It was located on the south-east corner of Hopper Street and McBride Road (27°25′22″S 153°07′08″E / 27.4227°S 153.1189°E / -27.4227; 153.1189 (St Matthias' Anglican Church (former))).[47][29]

Myrtletown Methodist Church opened circa 1930. In 1969, it was on the western side of Myrtletown Road (now Main Myrtletown Road) between Rowlingson Street (no longer extant) and Priors Road (approx 27°24′20″S 153°07′32″E / 27.4055°S 153.1255°E / -27.4055; 153.1255 (Myrtletown Methodist Church (former))).[29] The church is no longer extant; its land is now part of the Brisbane Airport, just south of Qantas Hangar 3's carpark.

Qantas selected Pinkenba for its flying boat base in the 1930s. Until World War II, the other flying boat base, at Hamilton Reach, was too congested, but the Qantas base eventually moved upstream, providing better access for passengers.[48]

During the war, a Royal Australian Navy Defence Station was established, with the remains of the facility listed on the current Queensland Heritage Register.[37]  

On 6 March 1963, Queen Elizabeth II unveiled a roadside memorial at 315 Tingara Street (corner of Kirra Street, 27°25′01″S 153°08′09″E / 27.41690°S 153.13579°E / -27.41690; 153.13579 (Discovery of Oil Memorial)).[49][50] It commemorates the discovery of commercial quantities of oil in Australia at Moonie.[51] The location was chosen because it was close to the site of the oil refinery which was to be built to process the oil.[51] However, at the time of the queen's visit, The Canberra Times described the site as "desolate" and "a smelly, muddy, mosquito-infested swamp", but the site was planted with 12-foot (3.7 m) high palm trees and flower beds and the area sprayed with insecticide in advance of her visit (which are no longer extant).[52] The memorial was designed sculptor Rod Shaw of Narrabeen, Sydney. The bas relief monement reflects the cooperation between the United States and Australia in the search for oil though the imagery of oil workers handling a drill bit with flags of the two countries in the background.[53] Although significant oil deposits had been found at Moonie, the 186-mile (299 km) pipeline to Brisbane was not completed until the following year.[51][54]

Bulwer Island Oil Refinery commenced with a major land reclamation project on Bulwer Island in the Brisbane River, which was then a tidal mangrove swamp. Over 2,000,000 cubic metres (71,000,000 cu ft) of material was dredged from the bed of Brisbane River to connect the island with the northern bank of the river and to create a 90-hectare (220-acre) site (27°24′08″S 153°08′30″E / 27.4021°S 153.1416°E / -27.4021; 153.1416 (Bulwer Island oil refinery)) raised to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above the high tide level.[18] During its operation, it was the largest oil refinery in Queensland. It was decommissioned in 2015 and now operates as an import terminal.[55]

In 1975, Myrtletown (then an independent suburb) was downgraded to a neighbourhood within Pinkenba.[6] Myrtletown was historically known as a residential and farming locality, though maritime and industrial facilities have developed in recent decades.[citation needed]

As of March 2020, two cruise ship wharves for Brisbane are located there, with differing facilities. Portside Wharf at Hamilton was completed in 2006 and is an international-standard facility for cruise liners, offering restaurants, coffee shops, gift shops, and other facilities. However, due to the height restrictions of the Gateway Bridge, and length restriction of 270 metres (890 ft) that far upstream, larger cruise liners must dock further down the river at the more industrial multi-user terminal at the Port of Brisbane. In late 2020, the new Brisbane International Cruise Terminal was scheduled to open on the northern bank of the Brisbane River at Myrtletown, opposite the port (27°22′52″S 153°09′15″E / 27.3811°S 153.1542°E / -27.3811; 153.1542 (Brisbane International Cruise Terminal)), but its opening was delayed because of shut-down of the cruise industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[56] The new cruise terminal is located at Luggage Point next to the Luggage Point sewage treatment plant (which has been renamed the Luggage Point Resource Recovery Centre). The new terminal will be able to accommodate the largest cruise vessels in the world. It will be operated by the port but will not be part of the suburb of Port of Brisbane (which is on the southern bank of the river).[57]

Demographics

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In the 2011 census, Pinkenba recorded a population of 350 people; 42.9% female and 57.1% male. The median age of the Pinkenba population was 42 years, 5 years above the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 15.4% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 12.8% of the population. 62.5% of people living in Pinkenba were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 7%, Iran 6.8%, England 2.5%, Italy 1.4%, France 0.8%. 77.3% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 2% Italian, 1.7% Cantonese, 1.1% Tagalog, 0.9% Afrikaans, 0.9% Serbo-Croatian/Yugoslavian. The most common religious affiliation was "No Religion" 22.8%; the next most common responses were Catholic 19.9%, Anglican 16.5%, Presbyterian and Reformed 5.4% and Uniting Church 4.3%.[58]

In the 2016 census, Pinkenba had a population of 368 people.[59]

In the 2021 census, Pinkenba had a population of 350 people.[1]

Heritage listings

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Pinkenba War Memorial, 2013

Pinkenba has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Economy

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Pinkenba is the site of BP's Bulwer Island Refinery (an import terminal since 2015), and Shell's Pinkenba Terminal. In 2011, Shell's operations at Bulwer Island were expanded, with the opening of a new bitumen and marine fuel import facility.[67] Shell facilities include its Queensland state office, a bitumen plant, a lubricants and grease manufacturing facility, several warehouses and a fuel storage unit.[68]

Education

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There are no schools in Pinkenba. The nearest government primary school is Hamilton State School in Hamilton to the south-west. The nearest government secondary school is Aviation State High School in Hendra to the west.[5]

Facilities

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Pinkenba Post Office is at 46-48 McBride Road (27°25′19″S 153°07′08″E / 27.4219°S 153.1188°E / -27.4219; 153.1188 (Pinkenba Post Office)).[69]

Luggage Point Wastewater Treatment Plant is a sewage treatment plant (27°22′47″S 153°09′02″E / 27.3797°S 153.1505°E / -27.3797; 153.1505 (Luggae Point sewage treatment plant)).[55]

Bulwer Island Power Station generates electricity from gas (27°24′17″S 153°08′06″E / 27.4048°S 153.1349°E / -27.4048; 153.1349 (Bulwer Island power station)).[55]

Numerous development projects have been proposed for the area, including residential developments and an immigration detention centre.[citation needed]

Attractions

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Pinkenba has a historical trail, which was designed on behalf of the Pinkenba Community Association and the Port of Brisbane with help from Brisbane City Council Neighbourhood planning team. More work has still to be done over the next[when?] ten years, involving the beautification of Pinkenba, with the first part being the local park and historical path and local pub.[citation needed]

Transport

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The suburb is accessed by road via Kingsford Smith Drive, which passes an industrial area before reaching the suburb. A railway branch line to Pinkenba was constructed to encourage port development downstream away from the Brisbane central business district.[70] The now-abandoned Pinkenba railway station opened in 1882 as the terminus of the line, and closed in 1993.[citation needed]

On the day of the 2011 census, 9.1% of employed people travelled to work on public transport and 63.6% by car (either as driver or as passenger).[58]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Pinkenba (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 18 June 2024.  
  2. ^ "Hamilton Ward". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  3. ^ "Pinkenba – population centre in the City of Brisbane (entry 51261)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Pinkenba – suburb in City of Brisbane (entry 47580)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  5. ^ a b c "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Myrtletown – neighboroughood in the City of Brisbane (entry 23746)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Bulwer Island – neighbourhood in City of Brisbane (entry 5169)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  8. ^ Universal street directory for Brisbane City and suburbs (1st ed.), Universal Business Directories (Aust.) Pty. Ltd, 1955, archived from the original on 13 April 2022, retrieved 29 March 2020
  9. ^ "Meeandah – unbounded locality in City of Brisbane (entry 21502)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
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  18. ^ a b "2003 Environmental Statement, Bulwer Island Refinery" (PDF). BP. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2008.
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  20. ^ "Queensland state school - centre closures" (PDF). Queensland Government. 20 August 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
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  25. ^ Chiclcott, Tanya; Vlasic, Kimberley (7 June 2013). "Full school asssets sale list". The Courier-Mail. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  26. ^ "Home page". Pinkenba State School. 18 July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  27. ^ "Eagle Farm Meat Works". The Telegraph. No. 6, 225. Queensland, Australia. 29 September 1892. p. 5. Retrieved 27 May 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
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  32. ^ "Successful Land Sale". The Telegraph. No. 8, 760. Queensland, Australia. 17 December 1900. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  33. ^ "Queensland Baptist churches by date of erection/opening". Baptist Church Archives Queensland. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  34. ^ "1902 Pinkenba". Baptist Church Archives Queensland. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  35. ^ "Pinkenba Baptists". Brisbane. No. 9, 042. Queensland, Australia. 12 November 1901. p. 7. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  36. ^ "Pinkenba Baptist Mission". The Telegraph. No. 9, 087. Queensland, Australia. 4 January 1902. p. 2 (SECOND EDITION). Retrieved 29 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  37. ^ a b "Queensland Place Histories : Pinkenba, Brisbane | State Library Of Queensland". www.slq.qld.gov.au. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  38. ^ "Pinkenba & District War Memorial". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  39. ^ "Pinkemba Soldiers' Memorial". The Brisbane Courier. National Library of Australia. 18 August 1919. p. 7. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
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  42. ^ "100 years of sewage treatment". Pipeline. Urban Utilities. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
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  46. ^ Anglican Church of Southern Queensland. "Closed Churches". Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  47. ^ Gregory's Street Directory of Brisbane and Suburbs and Metropolitan Road Guide (11 ed.). 1975. pp. 108, Map 25 K4.
  48. ^ Jones, David (2007). Wings on the River. Boolarong Press. pp. 31, 42. ISBN 978-1921054273. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
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  51. ^ a b c Gregory, Helen; Dianne Mclay (2010). Building Brisbane's History: Structure, Sculptures, Stories and Secrets. Warriewood, New South Wales: Woodslane Press. p. 108. ISBN 9781921606199.
  52. ^ "In Queensland This Week Rush To Pick Two State Election 'Plums'". The Canberra Times. Vol. 37, no. 10, 478. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 7 March 1963. p. 2. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  53. ^ "MEMORIAL TO OIL DISCOVERY". The Canberra Times. Vol. 37, no. 10, 460. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 14 February 1963. p. 22. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  54. ^ "OIL PIPE TO COAST THIS YEAR". The Canberra Times. Vol. 37, no. 10, 452. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 5 February 1963. p. 3. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  55. ^ a b c "Landmark Areas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  56. ^ "Brisbane's $177m cruise terminal in cotton wool". The Australian. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  57. ^ "Brisbane International Cruise Terminal". Port of Brisbane. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  58. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Pinkenba (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 3 January 2013.  
  59. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Pinkenba (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.  
  60. ^ "Pinkenba State School". Brisbane Heritage Register. Brisbane City Council. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  61. ^ "Luggage Point Stores Buildings". Brisbane Heritage Register. Brisbane City Council. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  62. ^ "Pinkenba War Memorial (entry 602453)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  63. ^ "RAN Station 9, Pinkenba (Myrtletown) (entry 602448)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  64. ^ "RAN Station 9 (former)". Brisbane Heritage Register. Brisbane City Council. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  65. ^ "Pinkenba Police Station (former)". Brisbane Heritage Register. Brisbane City Council. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  66. ^ "Amoco Time Capsule". Brisbane Heritage Register. Brisbane City Council. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  67. ^ "Major addition to BP's Queensland infrastructure officially opened by the Hon Craig Wallace". Press Release. BP. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  68. ^ "Shell Pinkenba Terminal". Shell Australia. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  69. ^ "Pinkenba LPO". Australia Post. Archived from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  70. ^ Laverty, John Robert (2009). The Making of a Metropolis: Brisbane 1823–1925. Boolarong Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0975179352. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2013.

Further reading

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  • Prior, S. G (1983), Eagle Farm, Pinkenba, Myrtletown, 1983
  • Munro, Jennifer (2002), Fighting turtles : the life and times of the children who have attended Pinkenba State School No. 200 : across three centuries 1875-2001, Pinkenba State School, ISBN 978-0-9580918-0-0
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