Paradise Garage, also known as "the Garage"[1][2] or the "Gay-rage",[3][4][5] was a New York City discotheque notable in the history of dance and pop music, as well as LGBT and nightclub cultures.[6][7][1] The 10,000 square feet (930 m2) club was founded by sole proprietor Michael Brody, and occupied a building formerly located at 84 King Street[8] in the SoHo neighborhood. It operated from 1977 to 1987 and featured resident DJ Larry Levan.[9]
"The Garage" | |
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 | |
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| Address | 84 King Street New York, New York United States |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 40°43′41″N 74°00′23″W / 40.72794°N 74.00645°W |
| Operator | Michael Brody |
| Type | Nightclub |
| Capacity | 1,400 |
| Field size | 10,000 square feet (930 m2) |
| Construction | |
| Built | 1924 (as auto garage) |
| Opened | January 28, 1978 |
| Closed | October 1, 1987 |
| Demolished | 2018 |
| Architect | Victor Mayper |
The Garage is credited with influencing the development of modern nightclubs, and is cited as a direct inspiration for London's Ministry of Sound.[10][11] Unlike other venues of its time, Paradise Garage promoted dancing rather than verbal interaction, and it was the first to place the DJ at the center of attention.[12] It was known for its enthusiastic-yet-unforgiving nature toward performers.[citation needed] It hosted many notable musicians including Diana Ross[13] and a young Madonna.[12] In 1979, Tim Curry released the album Fearless, containing the single "Paradise Garage", whose lyrics narrate visiting the discotheque.[14][15]
History
editPhysical space
editParadise Garage derived its name from the building's origin as an early automobile parking structure. Its initial certificate of occupancy, dated March 26, 1925, identifies the architect of the two-story commercial building at 80-86 King Street as Victor Mayper.[16]
Michael Brody's imprint on the space began in 1977 with the club opening as 84 King Street Garage. After a year-long renovation, it officially became Paradise Garage on January 28, 1978.[17] Among the improvements were a sprung dancefloor and custom sound system, developed by Richard Long of Richard Long & Associates (RLA).[18] The club's main room layout and dancefloor were reportedly purpose-designed around the sound system, which is said to have been the best in New York City at that time and described by François Kevorkian as a "temple of music."[8][12]
The venue initially accommodated 750 patrons for the original dance floor, which was later turned into the front lounge/gray room/glass lounge,[19] but a 1978 expansion when the main dance floor opened raised its legal capacity to 1,400 people and then Brody added a rooftop lounge in 1984 [20] styled after the coastal scrubland and beachside villas of nearby Fire Island Pines, where Brody owned a summer home.[8]
After 11 years of operation, The Garage's lease ended on October 1, 1987. The building later[when?] reverted to use as truck depot by Verizon Communications.[21] In April 2018, it was demolished[17] and replaced by high-rise luxury condominiums.
Culture
editThe Garage was largely modeled on David Mancuso's private invitation-only DJ parties at The Loft.[12] Admission to the club was only available to members and their guests, with an interview process used to select members.[8] In order to avoid New York City restrictions on bar and restaurant hours-of-operation, snacks and beverages were freely available to patrons and no liquor was served. These measures allowed the club to stay open afterhours, often until 10:00 AM or even later the following day.
In contrast to its well-known contemporary Studio 54, The Garage fostered a distinctly no-frills, egalitarian atmosphere, as reminisced by one of its former dancers:
You went there to dance, and we didn't dance like the regular people who were dancing in discos. I used to get dressed up to go to a disco, I'd do the Hustle for a couple hours till 4 o'clock in the morning, then I'd say, "Oh shit, lemme go to the Garage." I had my bag with me and go to the Garage and change into my sweatpants and my sneakers.
— Willie Dancer, in Paradise Garage: The oral history of NYC’s greatest club[8]
The club hosted a number of charity events, benefitting organizations like Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC)[17] and U.S. Fund for UNICEF.[22] As of 2008, the Paradise Garage trademark is owned by GMHC.[citation needed]
Music
editParadise Garage was an epicenter for early pioneers of dance music under the curation of resident DJ Larry Levan. The unique and eclectic styles of disco and dance music featured at the Garage gave rise to descriptive encompassing terms like New York house, "garage", "garage style", and "garage classic" (to describe a record that was made famous at, or associated with, the club).
Although the term "garage music" (not to be confused with UK garage) does not exclusively mean house music, the latter saw extensive development and promotion among Levan and his contemporaries, Frankie Knuckles and Nicky Siano. Nonetheless, these DJs played all kinds of music at Paradise Garage so long as it was danceable; for example, The Clash and The Police, as well as traditional "disco" artists like Gwen Guthrie and Sylvester.
Among those who benefitted from what became known as "The Garage Sound" or "Garage Music" was Mel Cheren, a partial-backer of the club and owner of New York label West End Records. West End's successes included such hits as "Sessomatto" by Sessa Matto, "Hot Shot" by Karen Young, "Heartbeat" by Taana Gardner (remixed by Levan), "Do It to the Music" by Raw Silk, and "Don't Make Me Wait" by the Peech Boys (produced by Levan). West End Records folded for a number of years, then re-opened in the late 1990s and released one of Levan's DJ sets recorded live at the Garage.[23]
Paradise Garage Top 100
editIn the 2000 book Last Night A DJ Saved My Life by Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton, a chart was detailed that listed the "Top 100" of the Paradise Garage, selected by "The Committee".[24] It is unclear whether this list represents the hundred most played songs at the club or the hundred fan-favorite/DJ favorite tracks.
| Artist[25] | Song[25] | Year of Release[25] |
|---|---|---|
| Affinity[26] | "Don't Go Away" | 1983 |
| Carl Bean | "I Was Born This Way" | 1977 |
| Hamilton Bohannon | "Let's Start The Dance" | 1978 |
| Dee Dee Bridgewater | "Bad for Me" | 1979 |
| James Brown | "Give It Up Or Turnit A Loose" | 1969 |
| Peter Brown | "Do Ya Wanna Get Funky with Me" | 1977 |
| Central Line | "Walking Into Sunshine" | 1981 |
| Chicago | "Street Player" | 1979 |
| The Chi-Lites | "My First Mistake" | 1977 |
| Chocolette | "It's That East Street Beat" | 1985 |
| The Clash | "The Magnificent Dance" | 1981 |
| Company B | "Fascinated" | 1987 |
| Dinosaur L | "Go Bang! #5" | 1982 |
| D Train | "You're the One for Me" | 1981 |
| Ian Dury | "Spasticus Autisticus" | 1981 |
| Brian Eno and David Byrne | "The Jezebel Spirit" | 1981 |
| ESG | "Moody" | 1981 |
| ESG | "Standing In Line" | 1984 |
| Marianne Faithfull | "Why D'Ya Do It" | 1979 |
| Family Tree | "Family Tree" | 1975 |
| Fingers Inc. | "Mystery of Love" | 1986 |
| First Choice | "Let No Man Put Asunder" | 1983 |
| First Choice | "Double Cross" | 1979 |
| Frontline Orchestra | "Don't Turn Your Back On Me" | 1982 |
| Taana Gardner | "Heartbeat" | 1981 |
| Manuel Göttsching | E2-E4 | 1984 |
| Eddy Grant | "Living on the Front Line" | 1979 |
| Eddy Grant | "Nobody's Got Time/Time Warp" | 1980 |
| Gwen Guthrie | "Seventh Heaven" | 1985 |
| Gwen Guthrie | "Padlock" | 1985 |
| Loleatta Holloway | "Love Sensation" | 1980 |
| Loleatta Holloway | "Hit And Run" | 1977 |
| Ednah Holt | "Serious, Sirius Space Party" | 1981 |
| Thelma Houston | "I'm Here Again" | 1978 |
| Imagination | "Just an Illusion" | 1982 |
| Inner Life | "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" | 1981 |
| Instant Funk | "I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl)" | 1978 |
| The Jackson 5 | "I Am Love" | 1974 |
| Mick Jagger | "Lucky in Love" | 1985 |
| Marshall Jefferson | "Move Your Body" | 1985 |
| Grace Jones | "Slave to the Rhythm" | 1985 |
| Grace Jones | "Pull Up to the Bumper" | 1981 |
| Tamiko Jones | "Can't Live Without Your Love" | 1979 |
| Kebekelektrik | "War Dance" | 1978 |
| Eddie Kendricks | "Girl You Need a Change of Mind" | 1972 |
| Chaka Khan | "Clouds" | 1980 |
| Chaka Khan | "I Know You, I Live You" | 1981 |
| Klein M.B.O. | "Dirty Talk" | 1982 |
| Kraftwerk | "The Robots" | 1978 |
| Labelle | "What Can I Do for You?" | 1974 |
| Patti LaBelle | "The Spirit's in It" | 1981 |
| Lace | "Can't Play Around" | 1982 |
| Loose Joints | "Is It All Over My Face" | 1980 |
| M | "Pop Muzik" | 1979 |
| Man Friday | "Love Honey, Love Heartache" | 1986 |
| Martin Circus | "Disco Circus" | 1979 |
| MFSB | "Love Is the Message" | 1977 |
| Steve Miller Band | "Macho City" | 1981 |
| Modern Romance | "Salsa Rapsody" | 1981 |
| Melba Moore | "You Stepped into My Life" | 1978 |
| Alicia Myers | "I Want To Thank You" | 1981 |
| New York Citi Peech Boys | "Life Is Something Special" | 1982 |
| Stevie Nicks | "Stand Back" | 1983 |
| Nitro Deluxe | "Let's Get Brutal" | 1987 |
| North End featuring Michelle Wallace | "Tee's Happy" | 1981 |
| Nu Shooz | "I Can't Wait" | 1986 |
| Yoko Ono | "Walking on Thin Ice" | 1981 |
| Peech Boys | "Don't Make Me Wait" | 1982 |
| Phreek | "Weekend" | 1978 |
| Pleasure | "Take A Chance" | 1979 |
| The Police | "Voices Inside My Head" | 1980 |
| Sharon Ridley | "Changin'" | 1976 |
| Alexander Robotnick | "Problemes d'Amour" | 1983 |
| Rockers Revenge featuring Donnie Calvin | "Walking On Sunshine" | 1982 |
| Diana Ross | "Love Hangover" | 1976 |
| Diana Ross | "No One Gets the Prize" | 1979 |
| The Salsoul Orchestra | "Ooh, I Love It (Love Break)" | 1983 |
| Sister Sledge | "Lost in Music" | 1978 |
| Sister Sledge | "We Are Family" | 1978 |
| Sparque | "Let's Go Dancin'" | 1981 |
| Cat Stevens | "Was Dog A Doughnut?" | 1977 |
| Nick Straker Band | "A Little Bit of Jazz" | 1981 |
| The Strikers | "Body Music" | 1981 |
| The Sugarhill Gang | "Rapper's Delight" | 1979 |
| Donna Summer | "I Feel Love" | 1977 |
| Sylvester | "I Need Someone To Love Tonight" | 1979 |
| Sylvester | "Over And Over" | 1977 |
| Syreeta | "Can't Shake Your Love" | 1981 |
| Talking Heads | "I Zimbra" | 1979 |
| Talking Heads | "Once in a Lifetime" | 1980 |
| Tom Tom Club | "Genius of Love" | 1981 |
| Touch | "Without You" | 1987 |
| T.W. Funkmasters | "Love Money" | 1980 |
| Two Tons O' Fun | "I Got The Feeling" | 1980 |
| Two Tons O' Fun | "Just Us" | 1980 |
| Visual | "The Music Got Me" | 1983 |
| Will Powers | "Adventures In Success" | 1983 |
| Womack & Womack | "Baby I'm Scared Of You" | 1984 |
| Yazoo | "Situation" | 1982 |
| Yello | "Bostich" | 1981 |
Performers
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2017) |
Notable performers who have played at Paradise Garage include:
In popular culture
editTribute events
edit- On May 11, 2014, in an event organized by Red Bull Music Academy, former Paradise Garage DJ David DePino, his fellow Paradise Garage alum Joey Llanos, and the dance music DJ François Kevorkian paid tribute to both the Paradise Garage and the late Larry Levan with a block party located on the street outside the club's former entrance. The event was coordinated with an effort to rename the King Street block Larry Levan Way and featured songs considered Garage classics, some DJ'd, some of which were sung live by Jocelyn Brown, who appeared onstage to deliver such favorites as "I'm Caught Up (In a One Night Love Affair)" and "Ain't No Mountain High Enough".[29]
- From May 24 to September 22, 2019, the New York Historical Society's Stonewall 50 Exhibition displayed the original Paradise Garage metal sign from the disco's original building, which was a parking garage. Credits also on display read: "Paradise Garage (1976-1987) Dennis Wunderlin (b. 1943), designer. Exterior sign, ca. 1977. Metal, paint. Fales Library and Special Collections, New York University, New York, NY".
Tribute sites
editMultiple tribute sites are dedicated to the Paradise Garage, such as paradisegargenyc.com[30] and TheParadiseGarage.net.[31]
Tribute movies
editIn 2019, the DJ Corrado Rizza directed and produced a documentary movie called Larry's Garage.[32][33][34][35]
The significance of the Paradise Garage to the history of disco music is discussed in Episode 3 of the 2024 PBS series Disco: Soundtrack of a Revolution.[36]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b Pareles, Jon (June 18, 2000). "Paradise Garage, a Gay Club That Forever Changed Night Life". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ Baines, Josh (July 14, 2016). "François K Reflects on the Everlasting Legacy of Larry Levan and Paradise Garage". Thump Presents. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ Brown, Brian (March 25, 2011). "PARADISE GARAGE 84 KING STREET NYC THE GAY-RAGE". YouTube.
- ^ "Remembrances from Garage Patrons - the Paradise Garage". Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ "Disco". the Data Lounge. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ Violette, Richard (2000). "Review of My Life and The Paradise Garage". Library Journal. ISBN 0967899400.
- ^ Cheren, Mel; et al. (2000). My Life and The Paradise Garage: Keep On Dancin'. 24 Hours for Life. ISBN 0-9678994-0-0.
- ^ a b c d e Raymer, Miles (August 21, 2018). "Paradise Garage: The oral history of NYC's greatest club". Timeout New York.
- ^ "Larry Levan". Discogs.com. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
- ^ "DJ Harvey on Balearic, Acid house and the birth of Dance". YouTube. Red Bull Music Academy. 2005. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ "How we made: Ministry of Sound". the Guardian. November 13, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Broughton, Frank; Brewster, Bill (2000). "Larry Levan's Paradise Garage". DJ History. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014.
- ^ a b c d Martin, Douglas (December 21, 2007). "Mel Cheren, 74, an Entrepreneur of Disco, Dies". New York Times.
- ^ "Tim Curry's "Paradise Garage" Reviewed - rock nyc". rocknycliveandrecorded.com.
- ^ "Tim Curry Official Music Video - Paradise Garage - Superb Quality!". YouTube. September 2, 2012. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021.
- ^ Certificate of Occupancy 9391. New York City Bureau of Buildings. 1925.
- ^ a b c "DEMOLISHED: Paradise Garage". NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ "Paradise Garage @ Disco-Disco.com". www.disco-disco.com. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ Certificate of Occupancy 76327. New York City Department of Buildings. January 7, 1976.
- ^ Certificate of Occupancy 85964. New York City Department of Buildings. July 13, 1984.
- ^ "Paradise Garage Reunion At LPR". NBC Universal Media, Channel 4 New York, nbcnewyork.com. January 28, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
- ^ Tomasson, Robert (January 27, 1985). "Future Events". The New York Times. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ "Larry Levan - Larry Levan's Paradise Garage". Discogs. August 8, 1999. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- ^ Brewster, Bill (2014). Last night a DJ saved my life : the history of the disc jockey. Frank Broughton (Updated and revised ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-8021-4610-6. OCLC 779455068.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c "hotdiscomix :: Club Charts :: Paradise Garage Top 100". www.hotdiscomix.de. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
- ^ "Affinity (2)". Discogs.
- ^ Geernick, Jan. "A History Of Garage Music". jahsonic.com. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
- ^ "The It Discography". Discogs. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
- ^ Beta, Andy (May 12, 2014). "DJ Larry Levan Remembered at Paradise Garage Reunion Block Party: Garage regulars and young fans mingle and dance in Lower Manhattan". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ "Paradise Garage NYC". Paradise Garage NYC. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
- ^ "Patrons' Recollections". TheParadiseGarage.net.
- ^ "Parkett Channel" (in Italian). Retrieved December 7, 2019.
- ^ "5 magazine". June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
- ^ "Electric Mode (UK)". November 29, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- ^ "New documentary tells story of Larry Levan and Paradise Garage". October 22, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ "Disco: Soundtrack of a Revolution | Stayin' Alive | Episode 3 | PBS". PBS.
External links
edit- "Disco pioneer Mel Cheren dies at 74". Resident Advisor. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015.
- "Paradise Garage". Disco-Disco.com.
- "Patrons' Recollections". TheParadiseGarage.net.
- "West End Records". WestEndRecords.com.