Panna cotta (Italian: [ˈpanna ˈkɔtta]; Piedmontese: panera cheuita [paˈnera ˈkøjta]; lit. 'cooked cream') is an Italian dessert of sweetened cream thickened with gelatin and molded. The cream may be aromatized with coffee, vanilla, or other flavorings.[1]
 | |
| Type | Pudding |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Region or state | Piedmont |
| Main ingredients | Cream, sugar, gelatin, vanilla |
History
edit
The name panna cotta is not mentioned in Italian cookbooks before the 1960s,[2][3] yet it is often cited as a traditional dessert of the northern Italian region of Piedmont.[4][5] One unverified story says that it was invented by a Hungarian woman in the Langhe in the early 19th century.[6] An 1879 dictionary mentions a dish called latte inglese (lit. 'English milk'), made of cream cooked with gelatin and molded,[7] although other sources say that latte inglese is made with egg yolks, such as crème anglaise;[8] perhaps the name covered any thickened custard-like preparation.
The dish might also come from the French recipe of fromage bavarois from Marie-Antoine Carême in le pâtissier royal parisien, which is the same as the modern panna cotta, except that one part of the cream is whipped to make chantilly and included in the preparation before adding the gelatin.[9]
The Piedmont region includes panna cotta in its 2001 list of traditional food products.[10] Its recipe includes cream, milk, sugar, vanilla, gelatin, rum, and marsala poured into a mold with caramel.[11] Another author considers the traditional flavoring to be peach eau de vie, and the traditional presentation not to have sauce or other garnishes.[12]
Panna cotta became fashionable in the United States in the 1990s.[13][14]
Preparation
editSugar is dissolved in warm cream. The cream may be flavored by infusing spices and the like in it or by adding rum, coffee, vanilla, and so on. Gelatin is dissolved in a cold liquid (usually water), then added to the warm cream mixture. This is poured into molds and allowed to set.[2] The molds may have caramel in the bottoms, giving a result similar to a crème caramel.[15][16] After it solidifies, the panna cotta is usually unmolded onto a serving plate.
Although the name means 'cooked cream',[17][16] the ingredients are only warm enough to dissolve the gelatin and sugar.[3] Italian recipes sometimes call for colla di pesce ('fish glue'), which may literally be isinglass or, more probably, simply a name for common gelatin.
Garnishes
editPanna cotta is often served with a coulis of berries or a sauce of caramel or chocolate. It may be covered with other fruits[18] or liqueurs.[2]
Related dishes
editBavarian cream is similar to panna cotta but usually includes eggs as well as gelatin and is mixed with whipped cream before setting.[19]
Blancmange is sometimes thickened with gelatin or isinglass, and sometimes with cornstarch.[20]
Panna cotta is sometimes called a custard,[3] but true custard is thickened with egg yolks, not gelatin. A lighter version substitutes cream with Greek yogurt.[16]
See also
edit
Media related to Panna cotta at Wikimedia Commons
Panna Cotta with Red Fruit Sauce at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
References
edit- ^ "How to Make Classic Panna Cotta". La Cucina Italiana. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ a b c Luigi Carnacina, Luigi Veronelli, "Panna Cotta," La Cucina Rustica Regionale 1:156, 1977, based on La Buona Vera Cucina Italiana (not seen), 1966
- ^ a b c Camilla V. Saulsbury, Panna Cotta: Italy's Elegant Custard Made Easy, p. 14
- ^ "Panna cotta easier to make than it sounds". Savannah Morning News. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
- ^ Gold, Rozanne (2000-06-21). "Subtle Variations Lift an Already Sublime Dessert". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
- ^ Davidson, Alan (2006). Jaine, Tom (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Food (second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 574. ISBN 9780192806819.
- ^ P. Fornari, Il nuovo Carena : la casa, o Vocabolario metodico domestico : compilato sui più recenti lavori di lingua parlata, con raffronti dei principali dialetti : ad uso delle scuole, 1879, p. 498
- ^ Pietro Fanfani, Vocabolario della lingua italiana: per uso delle scuole, 2nda edizione, 1865, p. 848
- ^ Carême, Marie-Antoine (1815). Le pâtissier royal parisien ou Traité élémentaire et pratique de la pâtisserie ancienne et moderne.... Tome II / composé par M. A. Carême...
- ^ Riccardo Brocardo, "I prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali del Piemonte a quota 370", full text Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Prodotto n. 69", Bollettino Ufficiale Regione Piemonte 33:23 (supplement) p. 532
- ^ Del Conte, Anna (2013). Gastronomy of Italy (Revised ed.). Pavilion Books. p. 272. ISBN 9781862059580.
- ^ Amanda Hesser, The Essential New York Times Cookbook: Classic Recipes for a New Century, p. 441: "1990's: ... Panna Cotta replaces crème brûlée, excising the egg yolks and using gelatin for a wobbly texture"
- ^ Greg Atkinson, West Coast Cooking, 2006, ISBN 1570614725, s.v. 'panna cotta': "panna cotta took us by storm in the '90s"
- ^ Accademia Italiana della Cucina, La Cucina: The Regional Cooking of Italy, ISBN 978-0-8478-3147-0, p. 832, 2009, translation of La Cucina del Bel Paese
- ^ a b c Krieger, Ellie (2019-03-26). "This panna cotta uses yogurt to lighten up". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
- ^ Moskowitz, Nina (2023-06-12). "This Giant Panna Cotta Is Wigglier, Jigglier, and a Lot More Fun". Bon Appétit. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
- ^ "Sahniges Panna Cotta mit frischen Früchten" (in German).
- ^ Claiborne, Craig (October 1, 1980). "Fine Home Cooking: A Heritage Nurtured; With Care Variations on a Classic Culinary Theme Some Variations on a Classic Culinary Theme Related Recipes Quiche Lorraine Variations Mayonnaise Variations Hollandaise Sauce Variations Sauce Anglaise (English custard) Bavarois au Liqueur (Liqueur-flavored Bavarian cream) Custard Pie Variation". The New York Times.
- ^ Adler, Tamar (2016-05-26). "Trembling Before Blancmange". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-27.