The Fascist Civil and Military Order of the Roman Eagle founded in 1942 with civil and military divisions,[1] was abolished in Italy in 1944;[2] although it continued to be awarded by Benito Mussolini in the short-lived Italian Social Republic until 1945.[3] A self-styled order of the same name was founded by Romano Mussolini, fourth and youngest son of Benito Mussolini, in 1997.[4]
| Civil and Military Order of the Roman Eagle | |
|---|---|
 The insignia of Order of the Roman Eagle | |
| Presented by | the  Kingdom of Italy |
| Status | abolished |
| Established | 14 March 1942 |
 Ribbon of the order | |
Degrees
editThe various degrees of the order, with corresponding ribbons, were as follows:
| Ribbon | Class (English) | Full title in Italian |
|---|---|---|
 |
1st Class / Knight Grand Cross | Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine civile e militare dell'Aquila romana |
 |
2nd Class / Grand Officer | Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine civile e militare dell'Aquila romana |
 |
3rd Class / Commander | Commendatore dell'Ordine civile e militare dell'Aquila romana |
 |
4th Class / Officer | Ufficiale dell'Ordine civile e militare dell'Aquila romana |
| |
5th Class / Knight | Cavaliere dell'Ordine civile e militare dell'Aquila romana |
The separate Order of the Patron Saints of Italy (Ordine dei Santi Patroni d'Italia), St. Francis of Assisi and St. Catherine of Siena, was also conferred by the so-called Republic of Salò between February and April 1945. An organisation of this name was also founded by Romano Mussolini in 1997.
Recipients
editSee also
editExternal links
edit- Ordine dell'Aquila Romana (in Italian)
- Ordine dei Santi Patroni d'Italia (in Italian)
References
edit- ^ "REGIO DECRETO 14 MARZO 1942, N. 172". cnicg.net. 2008-02-15. Archived from the original on 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2024-04-02.
- ^ By Decree of the Lieutenant of the Realm of 5 October 1944
- ^ By Decree of the Duce and Head of Government of 2 March 1944
- ^ Statuto e successive modificazioni attualmente in vigore (Statutes and subsequent amendments currently in force) Ordine dell'Aquila Romana, 19 April 1997