Nordbanen is one of six radial S-train lines in Copenhagen. It connects Copenhagen city center with several northern suburbs, and the cities of Hillerød, Birkerød and Allerød
History
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Nordbanen was the second railway to reach Copenhagen in 1863. It was originally the main line to Elsinore before the more direct Kystbanen opened in 1897. The section from Hillerød to Elsinore still exists and is today the Little North Line operated by the railway company Lokaltog.
South of Hellerup the original Nordbanen followed a much more westerly route than the current line, taking it along the present ring line alignment to Ryparken and thence through Nørrebro to the 1863-1911 central station at present-day Kampmannsgade. The trains to Holte and Hillerød moved to the current line in 1921, but the old alignment was used by freight trains until 1930 and still leaves clear traces on a modern street map.
The line from Hellerup to the new central station had four tracks of which trains on Nordbanen used the two western ones and trains on Kystbanen used the two eastern ones. In 1928 two new tracks for local trains to Klampenborg were added to Kystbanen; these connected to Nordbanen's tracks at Hellerup. Thus when the first S-trains were introduced on the Klampenborg line in 1934 it was the Nordbanen tracks between København H and Hellerup that were electrified. But then plans to also electrify Nordbanen as far as Holte were already underfoot.
Early on, a service pattern had been established in which local trains between Copenhagen and Holte were complemented by trains to Hillerød and Helsingør which ran non-stop until Holte. The local trains to Holte were converted to S-trains in 1936, but trains to Hillerød and beyond were still steam trains for several decades, even though they shared the S-train tracks south of Holte.
The Hillerød trains became a problem in the 1960s when capacity on the central S-train section became a limiting factor for service extensions on the western radials. The steam trains had poor acceleration relative to the S-trains and therefore tied up the tracks for twice as long as an S-train would. In order to free this capacity the line from Holte to Hillerød was electrified in 1968 and the steam trains replaced by S-trains.
The first-class cars were declassified to second class in 1972.
Likewise, the Hillerød trains kept the stopping pattern of the steam trains and ran non-stop all the way from Østerport to Holte. Only from 1989 did this tradition break down, and the Hillerød services gradually gained intermediate stops at Hellerup (1989) and Lyngby (1991), and finally (1995) at all stations between Østerport and Hellerup.
Stations
edit| Name | Services | Opened | S-trains | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| København H | B, E | 30 November 1911 | 15 May 1934 | Central station; also all other radials; bus terminal; cross-link express bus 250S |
| Vesterport | B, E | 15 May 1934 | Also all other radials | |
| Nørreport | B, E | 1 July 1918 | 15 May 1934 | Also all other radials; transfer to metro; bus terminal; cross-link express buses 150S and 350S |
| Østerport | B, E | 2 August 1897 | 15 May 1934 | Also all other radials; named Østerbro until 1934 |
| Nordhavn | B, E | 15 May 1934 | Also Farum and Klampenborg radials | |
| Svanemøllen | B, E | 15 May 1934 | Also Farum and Klampenborg radials | |
| Hellerup | B, E | 22 July 1863 | 15 May 1934 | Also Klampenborg radial; transfer to ring line; bus terminal |
| Bernstorffsvej | B | 15 May 1936 | ||
| Gentofte | B | 1 October 1863 | 15 May 1936 | |
| Jægersborg | B, E | 15 May 1936 | Transfer to Nærumbanen | |
| Lyngby | B, E | 1 October 1863 | 15 May 1936 | Major bus terminal; cross-link express buses 300S, 400S |
| Sorgenfri | B | 15 May 1936 | ||
| Virum | B | 15 May 1936 | ||
| Holte | B, E | 8 June 1864 | 15 May 1936 | Service B terminates; bus terminal |
| Birkerød | E | 8 June 1864 | 26 May 1968 | Cross-link express bus 500S |
| Høvelte | (E) | ?? | 26 May 1968 | Military base train station; not in the public timetable; only few trains from Copenhagen, none to Copenhagen |
| Allerød | E | 8 June 1864 | 26 May 1968 | Named Lillerød until 1952 |
| Favrholm | E | 10 December 2023 | Transfer to Frederiksværkbanen | |
| Hillerød | E | 8 June 1864 | 26 May 1968 | Transfer to Frederiksværkbanen, Gribskovbanen, Lille Nord; major bus terminal; cross-link express bus 600S |
Service patterns
editThe weekday service consists of service A which stops at all stations until Holte, and E which runs with limited stops until Holte and then stops at all stations until Hillerød. On weekends and evenings, only service A runs, stopping at all stations.
Between 1950 and 1989 rush-hour and limited-stop on the radial ran under service letters C, Cc and Cx. Service A ran on Nordbanen from 1979 to 2007, first as the stopping service until Holte and later (from 1989) as the limited-stop service to Hillerød.
See also
editReferences
editCitations
editThis article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (December 2009) |
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (June 2024) |
Bibliography
edit- Jensen, Niels (1972). Danske Jernbaner 1847–1892 (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.Fr. Clausens Forlag. ISBN 87-11-01765-1.
External links
edit- (in Danish) Banedanmark – government agency responsible for maintenance and traffic control of most of the Danish railway network
- (in Danish) DSB – largest Danish train operating company
- (in Danish) Danske Jernbaner – website with information on railway history in Denmark